| Term | Definition |
| Rural | smsall towns and villages and farming |
| migrate | to move from one region to another |
| pioneers | first in a new or unknown area |
| Why did people migrate west | looking for a fresh new start and wanted cheap farmland |
| miners | dug into the earth looking for gold |
| Trappers | traded fur pelt with Native Americans |
| economic opportunity | having a chance to make money |
| loggers | cut down trees |
| Homestead Act of 1862 | pioneers were lured by the promise of cheap land |
| Manifest Destiny | term a newspaper editor used as a reason for the nation to grow |
| What were dangers for fur trappers | wild animal attacks |
| Gold | the reason many pioneers headed west to California in 1849 |
| Forty-niners | Name given to miners searching for gold |