Law and Justice Midterm
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wellesj0509 on December 18, 2011
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law and justice midterm flashcards
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97 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 The basic concepts of American law enforcement originated in | England |
| The first American city to create a paid and unified municipal police force was | New York City |
| The idea of what remains very popular in the South and the West | self-protection |
| At various time in American history, local police have acted in several different roles such as | social workers, public servants, and peacekeepers |
| Taking people to the hospital, escorting funeral processions, delivering mail for city officials, or chasing bats out of a caller's house are examples of the local police's duties as | service |
| According to the Homeland Security Act of 2002 what agencies have the "primary responsibility for investigating and prosecuting acts of terrorism. | the federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies |
| Currently, the top priority of the FBI is | Terrorism |
| number of factors have triggered the growth of private security in the United States are | fewer constitutional limits, better control and attention to the problem, and declining revenues for public policing. |
| What three things are all potential sources of hazardous materials. | Chemical plants, service stations, and transport vehicles |
| MSDS are important for responding to situations involving chemicals. Which of the following is not true about MSDS? | Only companies employing more than 20 people are required to have them. |
| There are three things you should do when one is bitten or has blood to blood contact | seek medical help, clean thoroughly with soap and hot water, and allow it to bleed. |
| The blue portion of the left of the diamond indicates | high health risks. |
| The major criteria for appointing and promoting police officers in the 18th and 19th century were | politics. |
| The father of Modern American Policing was | August Vollmer |
| The Birmingham, Alabama sheriff who unleashed water hoses and police dogs against peaceful civil rights members | Bull Connor |
| Which major Supreme Court for the first time made major changes to police procedure through court decisions? | Warren |
| The Miranda v. Arizona decision requires investigation to advise suspects of their | Rights when there is custody and questioning. |
| In the Fifth Amendment, the due process clause provides for which of the following | Innocent until proven guilty. |
| What amendment is the origin of the state's policing powers? | 10th |
| When legally found evidence is not allowed to be used in court because of the source of the evidence was NOT legal it is called | Tainted Fruit |
| 21. What did Georgia do prior to Gregg v. Georgia that overturned Furman v. Georgia? Made all capital trials two phased | one for guilt and one for sentencing. |
| The first priority in any traffic stop or any other operation is | Officer's Safety. |
| "Terry Frisk" refers to a search based on | Reasonable Suspicion where a suspects outer clothing is patted down to check for weapons. |
| The exclusionary rule refers to | Evidence that is not usable in court because it was seized unconstitutionally. |
| The principle of using precedents to guide future decisions in a court case is called | Stare Decisis |
| What is the most important contributing factors to wrongful convictions? | Eyewitness Misidentification |
| How many justices sit on the Supreme Court? | Nine |
| Approximately what percent of all cases reaching it does the Supreme Court reject? | 98% |
| Who is considered the most powerful figure in the administration of justice? | The Prosecutor |
| What mandate(s) that a prosecutor provide defense counsel with any evidence. | The Rules of Discovery |
| When defendants plead nolo contendre, they | Do not admit guilt but are willing to accept the punishment. |
| Which of the following is an outcome in state court criminal trials that end | Dismissal, Guilty Plea, Another jury trial. |
| Excessive force is | Not using the appropriate level in response to a threat and failing to reassess the use of force. |
| Which of the following is not true about a taser? | Effective at more than about 10 yards. No deaths have been determined so far. |
| The title in the GA code where you would find the jurisdiction of Juvenile Courts would be | Title 15 |
| The title in the code of Georgia where you would find crimes is | Title 16. |
| A "child" is defined as any individual who is | Under the age of 17; under the age of 18 and deprived; and under the age of 21 and under court supervision. |
| A juvenile between 13 and 17 will fall under superior court jurisdiction when | Rape, Murder, or Aggravated sex offenses. |
| Juvenile records are sealed | two years since the final discharge provided that the person has not been convicted of another crime. |
| If the punishment for a crime is not identified in the code book it is | a misdemeanor. |
| In general, police use force and pain for what reason? | To gain compliance. |
| Tennessee v. Garner stated that shooting a subject is considered a | Seizure. |
| According to Tennessee v. Garner deadly force may not be used | None of the above |
| Which of the following is NOT a factor considered determining if the use of force by a police officer was reasonable? | All of the above are factors to be considered: Location, Severity of Crime, Suspect Resistance, and Fleeing or Evasion. |
| When using force | All of the above |
| The yellow strike zone refers to | Avoid striking as it could lead to serious injury. |
| An important thing to remember when using force | All of the above. |
| List 8 of the 12 Peel's Principles | Badges, Central Headquarters, Perfect Command of Temper, Good appearance, Government control, Military Structure, and Hired on Probationary Basis. |
| You are the new Chief of Police in Birmingham, Alabama. What historical issues should you be aware of that affect the relationships between the minority community and your department? | a. No investigations of church bombings. b. Used dogs and hoses to end protest and boycotts. c. Enforced the Jim Crow Laws. d. Prevented Boycotts and Protests |
| Considering the structure of the American CJ system, evaluate why it is often called a "non-system." | ? |
| Murder- | To cause death of another with malice aforethought |
| Felony Murder- | When death results from an action occurring during a felony |
| Involuntary manslaughter- | To cause the death of another in the commission of an unlawful act that is not a felony |
| Simple Assault- | swinging at someone but not actually making contact, threatening gestures |
| Simple Battery- | Making Physical contact with another in a violent and provoking way |
| Aggravated assault- | When one assaults with the intent to rape, murder, or rob |
| Aggravated Battery- | When one intestinally injures another resulting in the disfiguring or loss of a member of their body |
| High jacking A Motor Vehicle- | When in possession of a firearm or weapon, a person obtains a Motor vehicle by force or violence |
| Stalking- | With the intent of harassing and intimidating another, one contacts another or places another under surveillance |
| Kidnapping- | When one abducts another without lawful authority and against the will of the person |
| Burglary- | With the intent to commit a felony, one enters any dwelling |
| Criminal Trespass- | To damage another's property resulting in less than $500 in damage |
| Criminal Damage to property- | To damage another's property in excess of $500 in damage |
| Manufacturing An Explosive Device- | Doing anything with a bomb |
| Arson- | By means of fire, one damages any dwelling Obstruction- Standing between a police officer and a door to a house that he has a warrant to search |
| Perjury- | When Mark Furman lied on the witness stand |
| False Swearing- | You are sworn to give a statement at the school tribunal and you lie about what happened |
| Embracery- | Trying to convince a juror to vote a certain way |
| Sodomy- | A sex act involving the mouth or the anus of one person and the sex organ of another |
| Child Molestation- | Any immoral or indecent act committed or in the presence of a person under 16 |
| Sexual Battery- | Making unwanted and unconsensual physical contact with the intimate parts of another. |
| Aggravated Sexual Battery- | unconsentual penetration of the anus or sex organ with a foreign object. |
| Aggravated Child Molestation- | sodomizing or injuring during a sex act with a person under 16 years of age. |
| Chapter 5- | Crimes Against a Person |
| Chapter 7- | Damage to and Intrusion of Property |
| Chapter 8- | Offenses Involving Theft |
| Chapter 9- | Forgery and Fraudulent Practices |
| Chapter 11- | Offenses Against Order and Safety |
| Theft by Deception- | using trickery to acquire the property of another. |
| Theft by Shoplifting- | Altering price tag |
| Theft by Extortion- | Obtaining the property of another by threatening to accuse anyone of a crime. |
| Robbery- | Taking the property of another by sudden snatching. |
| Theft by Receiving- | Possessing stolen property. |
| Terroristic Threats- | Threatening someone's life. |
| Possession of a firearm or knife while violating Chapter 5 or 13 of the code- | Adds 5 years in jail in addition to any other punishment. |
| Brady Law- | Requires waiting period and background checks for handgun purchases. |
| Possession of less than one ounce of marijuana- | Is a misdemeanor |
| Chapter 13- | Controlled substance act. |
| Jurisdiction: | a politically defined geographical area |
| Ordinance Violation: | usually the violation of the laws of a city or town |
| Felony: | a relatively serious offense punishable by death or confinement in a state or federal prison for more than one year |
| Misdemeanor: | a lesser crime that can result in up to a year 8in jail and/or a $1,000 fine |
| Booking: | the administrative recording of an arrest |
| Grand Jury: | a group of citizens who for a specific period of time meets in closed sessions to, among other responsibilities, investigate charges coming from preliminary hearings |
| Arraignment: | a pretrial stage to hear the indictment and allows a plea |
| Complaint: | a document that charges that an offense has been committed by a person or person named or described |
| Arrest Warrent | a written order typically issued by a lower court judge directing law enforcement officers to seize a person |
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