| Term | Definition |
|---|
| 5 Canons of Rhetoric | [1] Invention (Identifying main ideas), [2] Arrangement (Create outline, organizational pattern, body paragraphs and conclusion), [3] Languagy Style (Intellectual content), [4] Memory (Rehearse speech and be familiar with it), and [5] Delivery (How you get your speech across) |
| 4 Types of Leaders | [1] Liassez-Faire (allow people to do as they please), [2] Nondirective (avoids dominating group, but encourages members), [3] Authoritarian/Autocratic (dominates the group, imposes self on all others), and [4] Democratic (helps direct members and make decisions) |
| 2 Types of Group Members | [1] Members who work on task functions (information-giver, opinion-giver, expediter, analyzer, information-seeker) and [2] those invovled in Maintenence Functions (active listener, harmonizer, gatekeeper) |
| Groupthink | Pressure to conform to the groups ideas |
| Types of Ceremonial Speeches | Welcome speech, Speech of introduction, Toast, Roast, Testimonial, Recieving an award, Presenting an award, Commencement, Eulogy, Dedication, Commemoration, Farewell, and After-dinner |
| 4 Types of Groups | [1] Learning, [2] Investigative, [3] Decision Making, and [4] Problem Solving |
| Monroe's Motivated Sequence | First, a person is made aware of a problem/obstacle to arouse curiosity. Next, examines scope/difficulty/nature/implications of problem. Third, compose possible plans of action that could remove or diminish problem and compare benefits and drawbacks. Finally, decide on a plan that will most likely help the problem. |
| Logos | Reasoning used in a speech to persuade audience (logic) |
| Ethos | Speaker's own credibility and usage of legitimate sources to back up (ethics) |
| Pathos | Appealing to audiences' emotions to help you persuade them in a direction |
| Induction | A process of forming general beliefs from a few specific occurrences |
| Deduction | A process of forming specific beliefs from general knowledge/occurrences |
| Data | An assertion of fact or value |
| Warrant | General rule or belief held by the audience |
| Claim | Proposition that can be inferred through two references |
| 4 Policy Speech Main Points | [1] X can be done, [2] X will be expedient (useful/effective), [3] X will be fair, just, morally sound, and [4] X is better than the alternatives |
| Persuasive Goals | Favorable Predisposition - Reinforce current beliefs. Hostile - Weakening current beliefs. Undecided - Converting beliefs. |
| Circular Argument | Type of fallacy: claim merely restates what is given in supporting material |
| Red Herring / Ignoring the Question | Type of fallacy: claim isn't relevant to issue under discussion - it just distracts audience |
| Overstating the Case | Type of fallacy: fails to distinguish between certainty and claim |
| Straw Person | Type of fallacy: set up weak counter argument, then compare it to yours to make it seem stronger |
| Ad Hominem | Type of fallacy: use personal attacks to weaken others' arguments |
| Slippery Slope | Type of fallacy: once something is done, it will lead to another, which will lead to another, so on |
| False Dilemna | Type of fallacy: acting like only two possible sides are able to be taken on an issue |
| Inappropriate Emotional Appeal | Type of fallacy: trying to get emotions out of audience that would make them ignore certain facts about something |
| Sign Argument | Type of deductive argument, one sign shows that something else is coming |
| Causal Argument | Type of deductive argument, argues that one thing will cause another |
| Analogous Argument | Type of deductive argument, because things are similar they will have similar outcomes/effects |
| Classification Argument | Type of deductive argument, because something shares this one characteristic they will behave the same |
| Number/Sample Size | A type of inductive test - must make sure that the sample is large enough to represent a whole population |
| Representativeness | Type of inductive proof - must make sure that the sample area is a good representation of the group you are going after |
| Analysis | Dividing speech into parts and identifying the nature and functions of each |
| What do Leaders do? | Initiate discussion, maintain discussion, bring discussion to a close |
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