Section One: Skin
About this set
Created by:
emmaelsewhere on December 19, 2011
Subjects:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
62 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Epidermis | 1. Outermost layer, keratinized stratified squamous epithelium 2. Variable Thickness in different areas of the body |
| Dermis | 1. Inner layer, connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings, glands and hair follicles |
| Thick Skin | Covers palms of hands and soles of feet; five strata |
| Stratum Basale | 1. Single live layer of cells attached to the dermis along a convoluted border 2. Contains young keratinocytes and melanocytes and a few Merkel cells (sensation) |
| Stratum Spinosum | 1. Prickly layer that resists tension 2. Several live filamentous cell layers 3. Contains irregular keratinocytes, melanin granules and many Langerhans' cells |
| Stratum Granulosum | 1. Waterproofing layer, 3 to 5 live cell layers with tough glycolipid-containing keratohyaline granules 2. Contains adult, flat keratinocytes that begin to break down |
| Stratum Lucidum (only in thick skin) | 1. All dead cells 2. Clear 3. Held together by keratohyaline granule "gum" 4. Contains flat dead keratinocytes |
| Stratum Corneum | 1. Thick outer protective layer 2. 20 to 30 layers of waterproofing dead cells that prevent abrasion and penetration 3. Contains keratin, thickened cell membranes and glycolipids |
| Pigments | 1. Fat cells are pigmented by carotene 2. Melanocytes in the dermis and deep epidermis produce protective skin and hair pigment melanin 3. Melanocytes have long cellular extensions that travel through the epidermis to secret melanin 4. Hemoglobin within the blood give skin its pinkish hue |
| Thin Skin | Covering everything except palms and soles |
| Dermis and Dermal Strata | 1. Beneath Epidermis 2. Connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings, glands and hair follicles 3. Includes two layers |
| Papillary Layer | 1. Thin superficial layer 2. Loose (areolar) connective tissue 3. Loosely woven collagen and elastin fibers 4. Many blood vessels and nerve endings 5. Dermal ridges cause epidermal ridges that form fingerprints |
| Reticular Layer | 1. Very thick and deep layer 2. Irregular dense connective tissue with elastin and thick bundles of collagen 3. Contains blood vessels, nerve endings, glands and hair follicles 4. Gives strength and resiliency |
| Anagen Stage | Active Growth 2 - 6 years |
| Catagen Stage | Transition 1 - 2 weeks |
| Telogen Stage | Resting 5 - 6 weeks |
| Sudoriferous Glands | Sweat glands covering all skin except lips, nipples and external genitalia |
| Eccrine Sweat Glands | 1. Type of Sudoriferous Gland 2. Simple coiled glands over most of the body 3. Secrete mostly water with salt, waste and microbidial components 4. Prevent overheating through evaporative cooling |
| Apocrine Sweat Glands | 1. Type of Sudoriferous Gland 2. Large sweat glands emptying into hair follicles in axillary and anogenital regions 3. Produce true sweat with fats and proteins 4. Produce odor when bacteria break down components 5. Produce sexual scent |
| Ceruminous Glands | 1. Type of Sudoriferous Gland 2. Modified apocrine glands in the ear canal 3. Secrete bitter cerumen 4. Deters insects from entering ear canal |
| Mammary Glands | 1. Type of Sudoriferous Gland 2. Modified sweat glands that secrete milk 3. Provide balanced food for young offspring 4. Positive Feedback |
| Sebaceous Glands | 1. Holocrine oil glands covering all sin except palms of hands and soles of feet 2. Cells accumulate lipids and burst secreting microbidial, oily sebum into hair follicles 3. Waterproof, soften and lubricate hair and skin |
| Meissner's Corpuscles | In dermal papillae, detect light touch |
| Pacinian Corpuscles | In deeper dermis, detect pressure |
| Krause and bulbs | In dermis, detect low frequency vibrations |
| Free Nerve Endings | Throughout skin, detect pain |
| Skin Functions | 1. Protective 2. Regulatory 3. Metabolic 4. Exretory 5. Sensation 6. Blood Reservoir |
| Burn | Tissue damage due to environmental factors such as heat, chemicals, electricity, radioactivity or sun |
| Dangers of Burns | 1. Bacteria may invade 2. Body may lose fluids 3. Body temperature may fall |
| The Rule of 9's | A quick way of estimating the volume of fluid loss from a burned surface area |
| The Rule of 9's : Back | 18% (9% top of back; 9% bottom) |
| The Rule of 9's : Face and Scalp | 9% (4.5% per side) |
| The Rule of 9's : Front | 18% (9% top of front; 9% bottom) |
| The Rule of 9's : Each Arm | 9% (4.5% per side of arm) |
| The Rule of 9's : Each Leg | 18% (9% per side of leg) |
| The Rule of 9's : Perineum | 1% |
| The Rule of 9's : Child Under 15 | 1. Palm of Patient's Hand is 1% 2. Estimate other areas |
| Minor Burn | <5% BSA |
| Moderate Burn | 5 - 15 % BSA |
| Severe Burn | > 15 % BSA * most are lethal or bring patients close to death |
| First Degree Burn | Least severe burn, only injures epidermis, no scarring, very painful |
| Second Degree Burn | Injures epidermis and some dermis, no scarring if infection is avoided, very painful |
| Third Degree Burn | Injures epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous fat and accessory skin organs; scarring, less painful, often requires skin graft |
| Fourth Degree Burn | Most severe burn, injures tissue all the way to the bone; scarring, no pain |
| Partial Thickness Burn | Epidermis damaged, dermis intact, skin regenerates, no scarring unless infected, painful |
| Full Thickness Burn | Both epidermis and dermis destroyed, no skin regeneration, scarring, less painful |
| Skin Cancer | Abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells on the skin |
| Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer | 1. Most common type of skin cancer 2. Typically does not metastasize 3. More common in males than females |
| Basal Cell Carcinoma | 1. Type of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer 2. Most Common (~78% of all skin cancer) 3. Arise from epidermal cells in stratum basale 4. Slow- growing, rarely metastasize 5. If left untreated may form an ulcer |
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 1. Type of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer 2. Fairly Common 3. Arise from epidermal squamous keratinocytes 4. Metastasis is more common than basal cell carcinoma |
| Malignant Melanoma | 1. Type of Melanoma Skin Cancer 2. Least Common 3. Most serious of all skin cancer 4. Arise from melanocytes in the epidermis 5. Very often metastasizes |
| ABCD Rule | Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter |
| Risk Factors | Skin Tone, Exposure to Sun, Genetics, Age, Immune System |
| Arrector Pili Muscle | Muscle that gives you goosebumps |
| Free Edge | The portion of the nail that grows out away from the body |
| Body | The visible attached portion of the nail |
| Root | The part of the nail that is embedded in the skin and adheres to an epithelial nail bed |
| Nail Folds | Skin folds that overlap the borders of the nail |
| Eponychium | AKA cuticle The thick proximal nail fold commonly called the cuticle |
| Nail Bed | Extension of the stratum basale beneath the nail |
| Nail Matrix | The thickened proximal part of the nail bed containing germinal cells responsible for nail growth |
| Lunule | The proximal region of the thickened nail matrix, which appears as a white crescent |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.