Grafton HS Earth Sci. CH 10 Groundwater
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19 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Aquifer | Underground bed or layer yielding ground water for wells and springs etc |
| Infiltration | The movement of surface water into rock or soil through cracks and pore spaces |
| Permeability | The ability of a rock or sediment to let fluids pass through its open spaces, or pores. |
| Porosity | The percentage of the total volume of a rock or sediment that consists of open spaces. The property of being porous. |
| Water table | The upper surface of underground water; the upper boundary of the zone of saturation |
| Zone of saturation | Lower region of groundwater where all the pore spaces in a rock or sediment are filled with water |
| Cave | A hollow area in the earth with an opening to the outside. May either be filed with water or "dry". |
| Karst topography | A region in which a layer of limestone close to the surface creates deep valleys, caverns and sinkholes. |
| Sinkhole | A depression in the ground communicating with a subterranean passage (especially in limestone) and formed by solution or by collapse of a cavern roof. |
| Stalactite | A deposit of calcium carbonate hanging from the roof of a limestone cave. |
| Stalagmite | A deposit of calcium carbonate projecting upward from the floor of a limestone cave |
| Travertine | A form of limestone that is deposited by hot springs or as a cave deposit. |
| Artesian well | A well drilled through impermeable strata into strata that receives water (under pressure) from a higher altitude so there is sufficient pressure to force the water to flow upward without pumping. |
| Drawdown | A lowering of the groundwater level caused by pumping. |
| Geyser | A fountain of water and steam that builds up pressure underground and erupts at regular intervals. |
| Hot spring | A pool formed by groundwater that has risen to the surface after being heated by a nearby body of magma. |
| Recharge | Water added to an aquifer. For example, when rainwater seeps into the ground. Recharge may occur artificially through injection wells or by spreading water over groundwater reservoirs. |
| Spring | A flow of water from the ground at a place where the surface of the land dips below the water table. |
| Well | A bored, drilled or driven shaft, or a dug hole whose depth is greater than the largest surface dimension and whose purpose is to reach underground water supplies to inject, extract or monitor water. |
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