| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Conservation biology; developed in response to 4 factors | 1/ unprecedented Extinction 2/ expanding Human Population 3/ multiple Threats to biodiversity 4/ Decline in biodiversity; bad for humans |
| Goals of conservation biology | Investigate human impact on Species, Communities & Ecosystems - in response to developing practical solutions |
| Early conservation schemes | Poland (1564), Tobago (1769), India (1852) |
| U.K response to agriculture intensification & key extinctions | RSPB (1899), National Trust (1895) |
| Early conservationists | John Muir (1838-1914), Gifford Pinchot (1865-1946), Aldo Leopold (1886-1948), Fraser Darling (1903-1979) |
| Professional development of conservation biology | International conference of conservation biology (1978), Society of Conservation Biology (1985) |
| Statement of ethical principals ( Soule 1978) | 1/ Diversity is good 2/ untimely Extinctions is bad 3/ ecological Complexity is good 4/ Evolution is good 4/ diversity has Intrinsic value |
| Sustainable development (Lubchenco et al 1991) | Development that best meets Present and Future Needs without damaging environment & biological diversity |
| World summits | Rio Earth summit (1978), Johannesburg summit (2002) |
| Rio Earth summit (U.N conf. on Envr. & Devel.1978); | Agenda 21 - 27 point "Rio declaration" |
| Agenda 21 | Framework for action on developing sustainability |
| Gifford Pinchot | U.S Advocate 1/ conservation of U.S forest reserves - planned use and renewal for human consumption |
| Aldo Leopold | Influential 1/ development of modern environmental ethics 2/ movement for wilderness preservation |
| John Muir | U.S Activist - preservation of wilderness, e.g. Yosemite Valley, Sequoia National Park - founded the Sierra Club |
| Fraser Darling | English ecologist, conservationist and author - highlands and islands of Scotland. |
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