Middle East Final
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Created by:
asimonson14 on December 20, 2011
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39 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Abraham | Father, made covenant with God promising land through his descendants both to Arabs and Israelites |
| Moses | led Israelites through Egypt |
| Mohammed | founder of Islam, messenger and prophet to God |
| Allah | Muslim word for "God" |
| Nasser | Second president of Egypt |
| Sadat | third president of Egypt, assassinated by army officers |
| Begin | Israeli statesman (born in Russia) who (as prime minister of Israel) negotiated a peace treaty with Anwar Sadat (then the president of Egypt) (1913-1992) |
| Arafat | leader of PLO, speaker at UN |
| Rabin | Prime Minister of Israel who signed the Oslo Accords and was later assassinated |
| Saddam Hussein | Dictator of Iraq - took over power in coup, pushed war against Iran, invaded Kuwait - Persian Gulf War - genocide against Kurds |
| Osama bin Laden | leader of Al-Qaeda, Muslim extremist terrorist group found dead last year |
| President Carter | American President, helped Egypt and Israel make peace |
| Hamid Karzai | President of Afghanistan, helped overthrow Taliban, sought international aid for Afghanistan. |
| Intifada | an uprising of young Palestinians against Israeli occupation |
| Mandate | a document giving an official instruction or command |
| Partition | the act of dividing or partitioning (a country or territory) |
| Diaspora | the dispersion of the Jews outside Israel |
| Zionism | a policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine |
| Balfour Declaration | British document that promised land in Palestine as homeland for Jews in exchange for Jews help in WWI |
| McMahan Correspondence | letters promising Palestine to Arabs |
| Oil embargo | set up by Egypt against Israel |
| OPEC | Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries problems: oil used as a weapon to influence other countries |
| Hamas | a militant Islamic fundamentalist political movement that opposes peace with Israel and uses terrorism as a weapon, (West Bank) |
| Hezbollah | a Shiite terrorist organization with strong ties to Iran |
| President Clinton | 42nd President of the United States, present at Camp David Accords (Israel & Egypt) |
| 1948 | War of Independence/ The Catastrophe final pullout of British troops in Palestine, Israel a state 5 surrounding Arab countries attack Israel. Israel=78% land, Palestinians issued right of return |
| 1956 | Suez Crisis Israel invades Egypt after Israeli shipping block, seized GAza and control of Gulf of Aqaba after pressure from US and UN, retreated |
| 1967 | 6-Day War Israel Victory Israel and Syria, Russia told Syria Israel was planning an attack Israel triples land, 500,000 Palestinians displaced |
| 1973 | Yom Kippur War Arab countries attack on holiest day in the Israeli calender, used oil embargo as a weapon to punish countries who supported Israel |
| Camp David Accords | peace treaty between Israel and Egypt (Sadat and Begin) |
| Oslo Accords | an attempt to resolve the ongoing Palestinian-Israeli conflict. the first direct, face-to-face agreement between the government of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization. attended by Clinton, Arafat, and Rabin |
| 1991 Gulf War | Iraq invades Kuwait, "historically part of Iraq", for access to oil and Persian Gulf ILLEGAL, threat to Us ally Saudi-Arabia and oil resources, US forms coalition to drive Iraq out Kuwait freed |
| 2002 Gulf War | US invades Iraq with intelligence of Sadam-Hussein's whereabouts & of Iraq's WMDs Iraq refuses to grant entrance, war begun RECENTLY ended |
| Quran | Islamic Holy Book |
| Torah | Jewish Holy Book |
| Five Pillars of Islam | true Muslims were expected to follow (principle of Salvation): belief in Allah, pray 5 times a day, giving of alms, fasting during Ramadan, pilgrimage to Mecca once in a lifetime |
| Ramadan | fasting time of the year for Muslims |
| Mecca | city to which Muslims pilgrimage |
| Judea | original home of the Israelites |
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