AW study guide
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59 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Minoan civilization | located on the island of crete/powerful navy/ Palace of Knossos/ Linear A+B |
| Mycenaean civilization | crete/ battle of troy/ Agressive/ strong military |
| equation fot city-state | Acropolis+ small population of people+ Agora+ polis |
| persian wars | Greeks won/ united greece for a while/ Delian league/ peloponnesian league/ |
| Xerxes | leader of Persians durring Persian War |
| Golden Age of Athens | started after the Persian wars |
| Pericles | Aristocratic leader who guided the Athenian state through the transformation to full participatory democracy for all male citizens/ ruled durring golden age of Athens |
| Peloponnesian war | Athens vs Sparta (Delian league vs Peloponnesian league)/ Main cause of the war was fear from the other side/ Athens had a plague and lost the War |
| Acropolis | place in EACH city-state that was a built on top a hil |
| Aristocracy | "ruled by the best" the aristocrats took power by gaining of the public support |
| Citizenship | to be part of the city state you live in/ Sparta: had to own a significant par of the land/Athens: Athenian born MALE |
| Cleisthenes | father of democracy/ was put in power by tyrants to make Athens a better place/ made reforms |
| Cleisthenes reforms | no more slave dept. redistributed land/ |
| Epic Poem | a poem made by homer who helped described mythology and the greek ideals at the time ( wrote odyssey and Trojan war) |
| Helots | slaves bound to the land in SPARTA |
| Marathon | a battle in 490 BC in which the Athenians and their allies defeated the Persians |
| Thucydides | wrote history of the Peloponnesian war |
| Herodotus | father of greek history |
| role of myth | to tell an eternal truth |
| Socrates | once you join society you must follow the rules/my opinion > than society's/ Virtue |
| Plato | Government ruled by philosopher kings/Theory of forms+platos republic + Allegory of cave/ Bias towards philosophers/ |
| Aristotle | Virtue/Middle class should rule/ Supreme good→ happiness according to society |
| Thales | (1st philosopher) a presocratic Greek philosopher and astronomer (who predicted an eclipse in 585 BC) who was said by Aristotle to be the founder of physical science |
| Heraclitus | Change itself was the basis of reality/ underlying force controlled everything |
| Leucippus | He believed all things were made of little units called atoms, he is knwn as the father of the atomic theory. |
| Democritus | Best know naturalist philosopher/ followed Leucippus/mind consisted of Atoms and they always move/ worked more on atomic theory |
| Pythagoras | Pythagorean thrm/ proportion or #'s was the basis of life/ #'s are eternal truths (2+2=4 ALWAYS)/ founding father of math/ |
| Hippocrates | Father of medicine/ father of medical ethics (oath)/ separation of natural and supernatural/ investigate diet on human body/ tried to find cause of diseases |
| Naturalists | Group of philosophers who focused on describing physical reality |
| Humanist | Philosophers who asked "how do we know what we know" |
| Sophists | Masters of formal debate/ DEFINEING LIMITS OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE/ |
| Protagoras | Man is the measure of ALL TTHINGS/ knowledge could not surpass human opinion |
| Skeptics | Suspension of all intellectual judgment |
| Epicureans | avoiding all physical excess= ☺ (union of body and mind) |
| Cynics | ☺= no societal values/ no conventions/ no material wealth |
| Stoics | individual will into complete harmony with the will of nature= ☺ (most popular in Rome) |
| Etruscans | gave rome...Urban planning /Chariot racing /Arch/ Toga / Bronze/ gold crafting / Sarcophagi (decorated coffins) |
| Greeks | gave rome...Pantheon of gods/Literary principles/ Classical style art |
| Early Roman republic | 509 BCE Latins overthrow Etruscans - beginning of Roman Empire/ Slowly form a government "of the people" (res publica) through a series of documents that formed a living constitution |
| Struggle of Orders | Patricians vs. Plebeian/Class determined by law (not tradition or custom)/ Plebeians threaten to leave Rome/ |
| Lex Canuleia | Right to inter-marry |
| Licinian-Sextian laws | one counsel per year must be a plebeian, Praetor - serve as assistant consul, law restricting how much land one person could have |
| Lex Hortensia | Decision of the Assembly of Tribes binding on the whole state without action by any other body |
| Punic war | Rome vs Carthage/1st war uprising in Sicily/ 2nd war Hannibal seeks REVENGE/ 3rd war Rome seeks revenge |
| Roman revolution | Three fold problem/Optimates vs. Populares/Gracchus Bro's part of political life |
| Three fold problem | Senatorial class—growing in size+ wanted to maintain power and $$/ separated from land and citizen ship+ gave political rights away for $$$$/Army—Disgusted by both classes |
| optimates | the better people/ small #/ large political power/ conservative |
| Populares | champions of depressed portions of citizens/ redistribute the land/ reform voting |
| latfundia | estate of large land owned by Rich landowners |
| Kore | youth (female) |
| Contrasposta | distribution of weight, curved spine |
| Themes is three graces | idealism—humanism - naturalism -realism |
| Julius Caesar | Held a variety of offices in the Roman Government (including Consul but was above all else a Roman general/ 60 BCE - First Triumvirate: Pompey, Crassus, Caesar /Gaul/ 49 BCE crosses the Rubicon/ Dictator for Life (killed a month later: March 15, 44 BCE - Ides of March) |
| the Rise of Octavian | Marc Antony (east), Octavian(west), Lepidus(Sicily/North Africa)/ Octavian - alliance with senate to remove Lepidus pitting Antony and himself against each other for a battle for the Empire/ |
| Augustus Caesar (Octavian) | Ruled Empire of 45 years (death 14 AD/ Senate handpicked by Augustus (800 senators /Oath of Allegiance to Augustus as Emperor/Granted Authority of Tribune (veto power, deal directly with people)/ Consolidated powers under him (consul, tribune, chief priest, public censor) |
| Problems of Octavian | Northern frontiers under attack= weakening of the frontiers / The army was to large and could not be managed / Urban population/ small farmers/ Issues with promoting confidence with senatorial class (gaining/keeping support) |
| Solutions of Octavian | Frontiers consolidated/ Army: reduced in size, stationed in providences, paid soldiers who served 20 years (securing loyalty to Roman state); removed from Rome/ Praetorian Guard: elite corps of 9000; stationed in Rome; from Italy; received higher pay; personal bodyguard/ Made senatorial class feel like they still had power (entrusted them) /Stabilized economy - Med. Basin self-sufficient |
| path to political leadership | Senate vs masses (masses vs senate)→ Appear a soldier or hero→ create a personal army to march on Rome |
| Kouros | youth (male) |
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