Industrial Revolution
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Created by:
charbar123 on December 21, 2011
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 The Communist Manifesto/Karl Marx | Published in 1848, written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, appalled by the horrible working conditions, blamed the system of industrial capitalism, claimed that history was a history of class struggles so the solution was a new social system called communism. |
| Bourgeoisie | Middle class, Marx considered them the oppressors in the eternal class struggles, approx. half of society |
| Proletariat | Other half of society, working class, being oppressed by the bourgeoisie in the class struggle |
| German Social Democratic Party | Working class leaders formed socialist parties based on Marx's ideas, emerged in 1875, advocated revolution while organizing itself into a mass political party that competed in elections for the German Parliament, worked to improve working conditions. |
| Pure Marxists | other socialist parties emerged, pure Marxist thought that capitalism would be overthrown in a violent revolution |
| Revisionist Marxists | rejected revolutionary approach, argued that workers must continue to organize in mass political parties |
| Trade Unions | Force working for evolutionary socialism, unions won the right to strike in the 1870's, organized trade unions so they could use strikes to achieve reforms, by 1914, trade unions had made progress in bettering both the living and working conditions for the working class |
| Mass society | end of the 19th century, industrial world led to mass society, concerns of the majority of the population were central, more people were living in cities |
| Middle classes | Made up of various groups such as lawyers, doctors, members of the civil service, business managers, engineers, architects, accountants and chemists, lower middle class=shopkeepers, traders, and prosperous peasants, new social structure and improved standard of living |
| White collar workers | produced by the second industrial revolution, includes salespeople, bookkeepers, telephone operators, department store salespeople and secretaries, not well paid, committed to middle class ideas |
| Working class | below the middle class on the social scale, made up of ~80% of Europe's population, landholding peasants, farm laborers, sharecroppers, bottom of urban working class, experienced an improvement after 1870, now had rise in wages, better conditions, and less hours |
| feminism | by 1800, women had many new job opportunities as clerks, typists, secretaries, file clerks and salesclerk, movement for women's rights began in Enlightenment, by 1840's and 1850's the movement for women's right expanded as women called for equal political rights |
| Emmeline Pankhurst, suffraiges | founded the women's social and political union in 1903, used publicity stunts to call attention to its demands, suffragists= people who advocate the extension of political rights, women's rights were quickly being reformed |
| Capital | money, Britain had a large supply of capital, which is part of the reason why the industrial revolution began in Great Britain |
| Entrepreneurship | people interested in finding new business opportunities and ways to make money, Britain had many, wealthy people |
| Cottage industry | 18th century, Great Britain was ahead in production of cotton goods, two step process, production method known as cottage industry |
| Industrial Middle Class | grew because of the industrial revolution, first half of the 19th century, made up of the people who built the factories, bought the machines, and figured out where the markets were, made up a large portion of the people |
| Industrial working class | Created by the industrial revolution, terrible working conditions, worked for 12-16 hours a day, 6 days a week, 30 minutes for lunch and dinner |
| Irish Potato Famine | Irish depended on potatoes for food, fungus infected the crops, around a million died, a million more emigrated to U.S., another cause of the growth of the Industrial Revolution |
| Industrial Capitalism | an economic system based on industrial production, produced a new middle class group, the industrial middle class |
| Socialism | result of bad working conditions, system where society owns and controls some means of production,utopian socialism= idea of intellectuals who believed in the equality of all people, Robert Owen believed humans would show natural goodness if they lived in a cooperative environment, made differences in the ideals of the industrial revolutions. |
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