| Term | Definition |
| Allah | Muslim name for the one and only God. |
| Guild | A medieval organization of crafts workers or trades people. |
| Muhammad | The Arab prophet who, according to Islam, was the last messenger of Allah. |
| Theodora | Justinian's wife; helped him run the empire. |
| Clergy | A body of officials who perform religious services, such as priests, ministers or rabbis. |
| Knight | A noble warrior who fought on horseback. |
| Feudalism | A system in which poor people are legally bound to work for wealthy landowners. |
| Troubadour | A traveling poet and musician of the Middle Ages. |
| Apprentice | An unpaid person training in a craft or trade. |
| Fief | Land owned by a lord given to a vassal in return for a service. |