Chemistry 1
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38 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 valence electrons | electrons with the highest energy level |
| electron dot diagram | symbol for the element surrounded by dots |
| chemical bond | the force of attraction that holds two atoms together as a result of the rearrangement of electrons |
| ion | an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge |
| polyatomic ions | ions that are made of more than one atom |
| ionic bond | the attraction between two oppositely charged ions |
| ionic compound | a compound that consists of negative and positive ions |
| chemical formula | combination of symbols that shows the ratio of of elements in a compound |
| subscript | the ratio of elements in a compound |
| crystal | the orderly three dimensional arrangement that ions form |
| covalent bond | chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons |
| molecule | a neutral group of atoms joined by covalent bonds |
| double bond | when two atoms share two pairs of electrons |
| triple bond | when atoms share three electrons |
| molecular compound | compound that is composed of molecules |
| polar bond | a covalent bond where electrons are shared unequally |
| nonpolar bonds | a covalent bond where electrons are shared equally |
| alloy | a mixture made of two or more elements one of which is a metal |
| metallic bond | an attraction between a positive metal ion and the many electrons surrounding it |
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| chemistry | the study of matter and how matter changes |
| physical property | characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance into another substance |
| chemical property | a characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change into other substances |
| physical change | any change that alters the form or appearance of a substance but does not make the substance into another sunstance |
| chemical change | a change in matter that produces one or more new substances |
| reactants | the substances that undergo change in a chemical reaction |
| products | new substances formed by the reaction |
| precipitate | a solid that forms from solution during a chemical reaction |
| endothermic reaction | the total making and breaking of bonds results in an absorption of heat |
| exothermic reaction | total making and breaking of bonds results in a net release of energy |
| chemical equation | a way to show a chemical reaction with symbols |
| conservation of matter | states that during a chemical reaction matter is neither created or destroyed |
| open system | matter can enter from or escape to the surroundings |
| closed system | matter is not allowed to enter or leave |
| coefficient | a number placed infront of a chemical formula in an equation |
| synthesis | when two or more elements combine to make a more complex substance |
| decomposition | when compounds break down into simpler substances |
| replacement | when compounds break down into simpler products |
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