CHE 1: Atoms, Molecules, and Quantum Mechanics
About this set
Created by:
Tsukiyo713 on December 22, 2011
Subjects:
Description:
MCAT
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
98 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 A | protons + neutrons = (A/Z)? |
| Z | protons equals (A/Z) |
| mass | A is the ___ number. |
| neutrons | Isotope is decided by number of _____. |
| protons | A molecule is identified by its number of ____. |
| amu | Atomic mass units. |
| amu | Atomic mass given in what units? |
| molar mass | Atomic weight also called ___ ___. |
| moles | The number of atoms in an element is 6.022x10^23, also called the number of ____. |
| 2 | 24g of carbon is how many moles of it? |
| row | Each horizontal row in the periodic table is a ___. |
| family, group | Each column in the periodic table is a ___ or a ___. |
| nonmetals, metalloids, metals | Periodic table has what three groups of atoms? |
| yes | Do metals tend to lose electrons? |
| ionic | Metals typically form ____ oxides. |
| lower | Nonmetals have ___ melting points than metals. |
| covalent | Nonmetals form ____ oxides. |
| first | Which column has the alkali metals? |
| second | Which column has the alkali earth metals? |
| 1A | What group has soft, metallic solids that have low densities and low melting points? They form 1+ cations. |
| 2A | What group is harder, more dense, and melts at higher temperatures? They form 2+ cations. |
| 4A | What group can form covalent bonds with nonmetals and all but C can form two additional bonds with Lewis bases. |
| Lewis base | Any substance that can donate a pair of nonbonding electrons. |
| 5A | This group can form 3 covalent bonds. All except N can form 5 covalent bonds using their d orbitals. |
| 6A | This group is called the chalcogens. |
| 7A | This group has the halogens. |
| inert | Noble gases are sometimes called ____ gases. |
| weak | Large atoms make (wea/strong) pi bonds. |
| cations, anions | Metals form ___; nonmetals form ____. |
| smaller, larger | Cations are usually ___ than the original atoms while anions are usually ____. |
| effective nuclear charge | The net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom. |
| eV | Effective nuclear charge is in what units? |
| ionization energy | The energy necessary to detach an electron from a nucleus. |
| second ionization energy | The energy required to remove a second electron is called the ____. |
| left to right | Ionization energy generally increases from _____ and bottom to top. |
| electronegativity | The tendency of an atom to attract an electron in a bond that it shares with another atom. |
| Paulding scale | Electronegativity is measured with the: _____. |
| kilogram | SI unit of mass? |
| meter | SI unit of length? |
| second | SI unit of time |
| ampere | SI unit of electricity? |
| Kelvin | SI unit of temperature? |
| candela | SI unit of Luminous intensity? |
| mole | SI unit for amount of substance? |
| atm, torr | SI units for pressure |
| -1 | Deci: 10^___ |
| -3 | Milli: 10^___ |
| -15 | Femto: 10^___ |
| bonds | Atoms are held together by ___. |
| covalent bond | A form of chemical bonding that is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms. |
| bond length | The point where energy level is the lowest between two bonded atoms. |
| bond energy | The energy needed to split two atoms; to bring their energy to zero between them. |
| No | ___ energy is released by breaking a bond. |
| compound | Substance made of 2+ elements. |
| empirical formula | The simplest positive integer ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound. |
| molecule | An electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by covalent chemical bonds. |
| molecular formula | A way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. |
| percent by mass | What are you finding when you take the percents of an unknown, turn it to 100g, and divide by g/mol. |
| ionic compound | These are named after their cation or anion. |
| roman numerals | These follow the alphabetical names of things like copper 1+, 2+, etc. |
| -ic | This suffix for a greater ionic charge. |
| -ous | This suffix for a lesser ionic charge. |
| -ite | Lesser oxygens, like nitrite. (NO2) |
| -ate | More oxygen, like nitrate (NO3) |
| hypo- | Prefix for few oxygens. |
| Per- | Prefix for many oxygens. |
| anions | Acid naming based on ____. |
| binary molecular compounds | In 2 element compounds, AKA ____, naming begins with the name of the element that is farthest to the left and lowest in the periodic table. |
| physical | The reaction that undrgoes physical change but not a molecular one. |
| chemical | The reaction that undergoes molecular formula change. |
| physical | Type of reaction (physical/chemical): melting |
| physical | Type of reaction (physical/chemical): evaporation |
| physical | Type of reaction (physical/chemical): dissolution |
| physical | Type of reaction (physical/chemical): rotation of polarized light |
| dissolution | The process of dissolving a solid substance into a solvent to make a solution |
| chemical | Type of reaction (physical/chemical): combustion |
| chemical | Type of reaction (physical/chemical): redox |
| chemical | Type of reaction (physical/chemical): metathesis |
| metathesis | A bimolecular process involving the exchange of bonds between the two reacting chemical species. |
| will | Equations on the MCAT (will/will not) be balanced. |
| runs to completion | When a reaction fully uses up at least one reactant. |
| no, equilibrium | Do most reactions run to completion? If not, because of what? |
| equilibrium | The state in which the concentrations of the reactants and products have no net change over time. |
| limiting reagent | The substance which is totally consumed when the chemical reaction is complete. |
| theoretical yield | The amount of product you get if a reaction runs to completion. |
| actual yield | The amount of product you get from running an experiment. |
| combustion | Reaction type?: A + B -> C |
| decomposition | Reaction type?: C -> A + B |
| displacement | Reaction type?: AB + C -> AC + B |
| catalyst | These are often written above reaction arrows. |
| longer | A (longer/shorter) arrow in an equilibrium reaction means that there will be more of this side than the other. |
| double | The ___ arrow in a reaction means it will reach equilibrium. |
| crystalline solid | A solid material whose constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are arranged in an orderly, repeating pattern. |
| amorphous solid | A solid that lacks the long-range order characteristic of a crystal. |
| ionic, network covalent, metallic, molecular | A crystal can be these types: (4). |
| yes | Can some substances be crystalline or amorphous? |
| polymer | Solids with repeated structural units (amorphous and crystalline). |
| slower | (Faster/Slower) cooling will more likely make something crystalline. |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.