morzenti chapter 21 sections 1 and 2
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Created by:
tonywalker5202notbob on December 26, 2011
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the expanding the border cards are what France did in that year
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68 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Philip II | who: son of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V what: Defender of Catholicism, declared Spain bankrupt 3 times, lost territory in Netherlands, controlled every aspect of his empires affairs, went to war with the Netherlands where: Spain why: Defender of Catholicism so what: beginning of absolutism in Europe |
| When was the battle of Lepanto? | 1571 |
| When did the English defeat the Spanish Armada? | 1588 |
| When was Phillip II's war with the Netherlands? | 1568-1579 |
| When did Phillip II live from? | 1527-1598 |
| When did Philip II take over Portugal? | 1580 |
| El Greco | who: Domenikos Theotokopoulos what: artist when: golden age in arts where: born in Crete, but lived adult life in Spain why: shows faith/pride of Spain so what: chose brilliant, clashing colors, distorted human figure, expressed emotion symbolically; saints and martyrs as huge long-limbed figured that have a supernatural air |
| Diego Velásquez | who: spanish artist what: las meninas; court painter of Philip IV when: 50 years after El Geco where: Spain why: pride of Spanish monarchy so what: used rich colors |
| Don Quixote de la Mancha | who: Miguel de Cervantes what: book about a poor Spanish nobleman who went crazy after reading books about heroic knights when: 1605 where: Spain why: mocking chivalry or about an idealistic person who longs for the romantic past because he's frustrated with his materialistic world |
| Miguel de Cervantes | who: author what: wrote Don Quixote de la Mancha when: 1605 where: Spain why: mocking chivalry or about an idealistic person who longs for the romantic past because he's frustrated with his materialistic world |
| Jan Vermeer | who: Dutch artist what: painter women doing familiar activities (pouring milk/reading a letter) when: 17th century where: Netherlands why: fascinated with effects of light and dark so what: reveals how important merchants, civic leaders and the middle class were in 17th century Netherlands |
| Rembrandt van Rijn | who: Dutch artist what: sharp contrast of light and shadow tp draw attention to his focus when: 1600s where: Netherlands why: Netherlands became what Florence was during the Renaissance so what: reveals how important merchants, civic leaders and the middle class were in 17th century Netherlands |
| The Night Watch | who: Rembrandt van Rijn what: painting when: 1600s where: Netherlands why: portrayed group of city guards and showed individuality of each man by capturing distinctive facial expressions and postures so what: reveals how important merchants, civic leaders and the middle class were in 17th century Netherlands |
| absolute monarchs | who: king or queen what: has unlimited power and seeks where: Europe why: to control every aspect of society so what: regulated everything in their empire |
| Causes of Absolutism | religious and territorial conflicts created fear and uncertainty; growth of armies to deal with conflicts caused rulers to raise taxes to pay troops; heavy taxes led to additional unrest and peasant revolts |
| effects of absolutism | rulers regulated religious worship and social gatherings to control the spread of ideas; rulers increased the size of their courts to appear more powerful; rulers created bureaucracies to control their countries' enemies |
| divine right | who: absolute monarchs what: the idea that monarchs are god's representatives on Earth and are therefore answerable only to god where: Europe why: made monarchs seem more powerful so what: the more powerful they seem, the more powerful they'll be |
| King Henry II | who: King of France what: accidentally died in tournament when: 1559 where: France why: accident so what: left 3 sons and widow->all sons proved to be incompetent |
| In what order did Henry II's three sons rule? | francis II, Charles IX, Henry III |
| Catherine de Medici | who: French Queen, Henry II's widow, mother of Francis II, Charles IX, and Henry III what: tried to play to Huguenots against Catholics when: 1519-1589 where: Italy,France why: was able to control all of her sons so what: proved to be the true power behind the throne after Henry II's death |
| Marie de Medici | who: wife of Henry IV what: summoned the Estates-General when: after Henry IV death where: France why: nobility and upper-catholic clergy grew restless so what: so many conflicting interests were represented; no program could be adopted; dismissed estates-general in 1615; no estates general of whole kingdom called until the french revolution |
| Henry IV | who: king of France, father of Louis XIII what: Edict of Nantes; married Catherine de Medici where: France so what: laid foundation for absolutism; Bourbons ruled until revolution |
| what are 2 other names for Henry IV? | Henry of Bourbon and Henry of Navarre |
| Edict of Nantes | who: Henry IV, Louis XIV, Cardinal Richelieu what: declaration of religious toleration when: where: France why: to please people so what: gave Protestants their own means of defense; Huguenots became less rebellious; Catholics subdued by Henry IV's Jesuit favors; |
| Louis XIII | who: son of Henry IV what: became king after Father's death when: 1610-1624 where: France why: proved to be a weak king so what: appointed Cardinal Richelieu to make up for his weakness, Richelieu (in effect) became ruler of France |
| skepticism | who: French intellectuals what: the idea that nothing can ever be known for certain where: France why: religious wars so what: believed that doubting old ideas was the first step to finding the truth |
| Cardinal Richelieu | who: Louis XIII appointed minister what: ammended edict of Nantes; moved against the Huguenots; sought to weaken nobles' power and mercantilist policies; increased power of government agents when: 1624 where: France why: thought Protestantism was a conspiracy against the Catholic king; wanted France to be the strongest European state so what: Protestant's civil/religious rights untouched for 50yrs |
| Michael de Montaigne | who: French thinker and writer what: developed the essay when: worst years of French religious wars where: France why: death of a close friend so what: hypothesized humans could never have absolute knowledge of what is true |
| René Descartes | who: French thinker and writer what: wrote "Meditations on First Philosophy" when: Enlightenment where: France why: skepticism so what: "I think, therefore I am"; influenced modern thinkers and helped to develop scientific method |
| Meditations on First Philosophy | who: René Descartes what: book when: Enlightenment where: France why: skepticism so what: "I think, therefore I am" |
| Louis XIV | who: French king what: absolute monarch who ruled with out a minister; cancelled Edict of Nantes; weakened nobles authority; patron of the arts; fought disastrous wars when: 1638-1715 where: France why: wanted absolute power so what: put France in great debt but very powerful |
| Cardinal Mazarin | who: minister and tutor of Louis XIV what: ruled France; increased taxes; strengthened central government; born in Italy; educated Jesuits; brought end to 30 years war; papal envoy to France; aided Richelieu in 30 years war when: died in 1661; envoy in 1634 naturalized in 1639 where: Italy, France why: continued Richelieu's absolutist policies so what: |
| intendants | who: Louis XIV's government agents what: collected taxes, administered justice, organized local forces to suppress riots and rebellions when: reign of Louis XIV where: France why: ensured that local officials communicated with him regularly to keep power under central control so what: helped Louis stay an absolute monarch |
| Jean Baptiste Colbert | who: Louis XIV's financial adviser what: tried to prevent wealth from leaving the country; put high tariffs on imports; made government funds and tax benefits available to French companies when: until before 1685 where: France why: theory of mercantilism so what: French encouraged to migrate to Canada; fur trade adds wealth |
| Versailles | who: Louis XIV what: luxurious palace where: France why: to demonstrate wealth and power to kingdom so what: was a center of the arts during his reign |
| War of Spanish Succession | who: French and League of Augsburg when: 1701-1704 where: Europe why: Charles II dies after promising throne to Philip of Anjou (grandson of Louis XIV) so what: ended by treaty of Utrecht; Philip is king but France and Spain couldn't unite |
| Thirty Years' War | who: European ruling families what: conflict over religion territory and power when: 1618-1648 where: Europe why: Richelieu sought to make France strongest state in Europe and saw Hapsburgs as the main obstacle; Mazarin brought war to a close so what: weakened Hapsburgs; food shortages |
| Estates-General | who: Marie de Medici what: an assembly of representatives from all of the estates (social classes) in France when: dismissed in 1615, called again after death of Henry IV where: France why: nobility and upper-catholic clergy grew restless so what: no estates general of kingdom as a whole until revolution; habitual government was now to be conducted by and through a king |
| St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre | who: Huguenots and Catholics what: thousands of Huguenots dragged from their beds and murdered; Catherine de Medici pitted them against each other when: August 24, 1572 (lasted for 6 weeks) where: Paris why: Catherine stuck in the middle; marriage of Henry of Navarre to her daughter so what: renewal of civil war; Henry converted to survive |
| The Fronde | who: Parliament of Paris what: series of anti-Mazarin revolts when: 1648-1653 where: France and Germany why: increased taxes and strengthened central government so what: changed how Louis viewed nobles forever |
| Anne of Austria | who:wife of Louis XIII and mother of Louis XIV what: chose Mazarin as son's chief minister; driven out of France when: driven out of France in 1650 where: France why: the Fronde so what: eventually returned |
| Parliament of Paris | who: Mazarin; French people what: caused the Fronde; refused to recognize Edict of Nantes as law of the land when: 1648-1653 where: Paris why: Mazarin increased taxes and strengthened the central government so what: eventually given to Germany to put down revolts from there |
| Lepanto | who: Philip II and Ottoman Turks what: battle when: 1571 why: Philip=Defender of Catholicism; to drive Muslims and Protestants out so what: Spanish victory |
| Jean Bodin | who: political philosopher what: developed modern theory of sovereignty when: 1576 where: France why: believed there must be one power to give enough to give law to all others so what: with or without consent of citizens |
| Politiques | who: Henry of Navarrre what: men who concluded that too much was being made of religion, no doctrine was important enough to justify everlasting war, might be room for two churches but the country needed civil order where: France why: no doctrine justifies everlasting war so what: more secular group |
| Henry of Guise | who: Duke what: Catholics united under him when: for four decades following Henry II's death where: France so what: Catherine de Medici stuck in middle--> tried to play two sides against each other, St. Bartholomews Day massacre |
| Expanding the Border-1667 | invaded spanish Netherlands |
| Expanding the Border-1672 | invaded dutch Netherlands |
| Expanding the Border-1680s | Europe-wide alliance forms to stop France |
| Expanding the Border-1689 | William of Orange joins alliance; equal to french power |
| Expanding the Border-so what? | Spanish war of succession |
| Foreign Relations of France | strongest nation in Europe; population 4x of England, 10x dutch republic army more advanced: size, weaponry, training |
| Treaty of Pyrenees | who: Cardinal Mazarin what: ended was with Spain, won France Artois and Rousillon, Louis XIV married Maria Theresa when: 1659 where: France why: to end war so what: France had a claim on Spain's empire--> war of the Spanish succession |
| Treaty of Utrecht | who: Europe what: ended war of the Spanish Succession when: 1714 where: Europe why: to end war so what: Britain got Gibraltar, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and Asiento; Philip of Anjou could remain king but thrones couldn't unite; Hapsburgs were in the Spanish Netherlands and Italy, Prussia and Savoy became kingdoms |
| Peace of Alais | who: Cardinal Richelieu what: ammendded Edict of Nantes when: 1629 where: France why: Duke of Rohan led a rebellion in 1627 so what: Protestants religious and civil rights would remain untouched for 50 years |
| Treaty of Nijmegen | who: France and the Dutch Netherlands what: ended war over border issues when: 1672-1678 where: Dutch Netherlands why: Louis XIV wanted to expand borders so what: Frances gained several towns |
| When did Francis II rule from? | 1559-1560 |
| When did Charles IX rule from? | 1560-1574 |
| When did Henry III rule from? | 1574-1589 |
| When was the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre? | 1572 |
| When did Henry IV reign from? | 1589-1610 |
| When did Henry IV finally become Catholic? | 1593 |
| When did Henry IV issue the Edict of Nantes? | 1598 |
| Why did Henry IV convert? | to save his life |
| Why did Henry IV issue the Edict of Nantes? | to please his people |
| Why was Henry IV assassinated? | a fanatic believed him to be a menace to the Catholic Church |
| When did Louis XIV cancel the Edict of Nantes? | 1685 |
| When did Charles II die? | 1700 |
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