| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Anticodon | A sequence of three bases in transfer RNA that is complementary to the three bases of a codon of mRNA. |
| Codon | Triplet or 3-base sequence |
| Deletion mutation | Occurs when one or more nucleotide pairs are removed from a gene. |
| Parts of a Gene | Promoter region, the body, and a termination signal. |
| Gene | Unit of heredity that encodes the information needed to specify the amino acid sequence of proteins (traits); a functional segment of DNA located at a particular place on the chromosome. |
| Genetic code | Translates the sequence of bases in nucleic acids into the sequence of amino acids in proteins. |
| Insertion mutation | Occurs when one or more new nucleotide pairs are inserted into a gene. |
| Messenger RNA | Carries the code for a protein-coding gene from DNA to ribosomes. |
| Mutation | Mistakes in DNA |
| Nucleotide substitution | A mutation that replaces one nucleotide in a DNA molecule with another; for eg. a change from adenine to a guanine. |
| Point mutation | A mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been changed. |
| Promoter | An untranscribed sequence of DNA bases that marks the beginning of the gene. |
| Ribonucleic acid | Carries information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Single stranded; has sugar ribose; contains uracil instead of thymine. |
| Ribosomal RNA | Combines with proteins to form ribosomes, the structures that link amino acids to form proteins. |
| Ribosome | Carries out translation. |
| RNA polymerase | Synthesizes RNA. First locates the promoter region. |
| Start codon | Methionine is specified by the condon AUG |
| Stop codon | Denotes the end of protein UAG, UAA and UGA. |
| Template strand | DNA strand |
| Transcription | The synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template. 3 types of RNA: messenger RNA, transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA |
| Transcription process | Initiation, elongation and termination |
| Transfer RNA | Carries amino acids to the ribosomes. |
| Translation | The process whereby the sequence of bases of mRNA is converted into the sequence of amino acids of a protein. |
| Translation Process | Initiation, elongation and termination |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace