Biology Vocab Words Chapter 11 and 12
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31 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Chromosome | Structures in the nucleus that contain the DNA |
| Cell Cycle | Sequence of growth and division of the cell |
| Interphase | Growth period of the cell cycle |
| Mitosis | Cell division phase of cell cycle |
| Sister Chromatid | Two halves of tied up chromosome |
| Centromere | Holds together the two sister chromatids |
| Centriole | Cylinder like structures outside the nucleus |
| Spindle | Cage like structure that appears during prophase |
| Cancer | uncontrolled dividing of cells |
| Gene | segment of DNA that controls production of a protein |
| Heredity | Passing of characteristics from parents to offspring |
| Genetics | Biology that studies heredity |
| Trait | Characteristics that are inherited |
| Allele | Different forms of genes |
| Dominant | The observed characteristic - |
| Recessive | The hidden characteristic |
| Phenotype | The way an organism looks |
| Genotype | The gene combination of the organism |
| Homozygous | Two of the same genes for the characteristic |
| Heterozygous | Two different genes for the characteristic |
| Dihybrid cross | Cross involving two different characteristics |
| Diploid | A cell with two of each kind of chromosome |
| Haploid | A cell with one of each kind of chromosome |
| Homologous Chromosome | Paired chromosomes that determine what an organism looks like |
| Meiosis | Cell division that has half the numbers of chromosomes as a parent |
| Sperm | Male gametes |
| Egg | Female gametes |
| Zygote | Fertilized cell from male and female gametes |
| Sexual Reproduction | Process of producing zygote |
| Crossing Over | Exchange of genetic information by chromosomes |
| Genetic Recombination | The reassortment of chromosomes to create new unique chromosomes |
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