Chapter 8 The Endocrine System
About this set
Created by:
HipHop4Life on December 27, 2011
Subjects:
Health-Skills for Wellness (Prentice Hall)
Description:
Another chapter in my health book
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
65 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 endocrine glands | a group of organs that produce and release chemical substances |
| hormones | chemical substances produced by endocrine glands |
| pituitary gland | a small gland located at the base of the brain that controls many of the activities in the body- growth rate, metabolism, and reproduction, also regulates many other glands |
| hypothalamus | controls the pituitary gland- regulates body temperature, use of water, and blood pressure among other things, as well as overseeing many hormone levels in the body |
| adrenal glands | found on both sides of your body one above each kidney. Produce hormones that affect the functioning of your kidneys, your metabolism, and your response to stressful situations |
| adrenaline | an important factor in the fight or flight response during which your heartbeat, breathing rate, and blood pressure increase |
| thyroid gland | a large gland shaped like a bow tie located at the front of the neck. Under the control of the pituitary glad it releases a hormone that regulates the rate of metabolism and another hormone released helps regulate the amount of calcium in the blood |
| parathyroid glands | attached to the back of the thyroid glands these glands regulate the levels of two important minerals- calcium and phosphorus |
| pancreas | large gland located behind the stomach-part of both the endocrine and digestive systems. Functions include controlling the level of sugar in the blood |
| hypoglycemia | a disorder that occurs when the level of sugar in the blood is too low |
| thymus | gland located in the upper chest near the heart. Functions are not thoroughly understood but is thought to play a role in developing some of the body's defenses against infection early in life |
| ovaries | female reproductive glands that are about the size of an almond, located a few inches below the waste- two functions= release estrogen and progesterone, and they release mature egg cells |
| testes | male reproductive glands that hang outside the body within a sac of skin called the scrotum functions= producing testosterone, and the production of sperm |
| follicle-stimulating hormone | works with both testosterone in males and progesterone and estrogen in females to produce sperm and ova |
| luteinizing hormone | signals the testes to begin producing male sex hormones as well as stimulating the ovaries to produce eggs |
| testosterone | the most important male sex hormone |
| sperm | the male sex cells |
| progesterone | one of the female sex hormones responsible for developing and maintaining breast development |
| estrogen | the second female sex hormone responsible for the widening of the hips |
| ova | the female sex cells aka eggs |
| scrotum | the sac of skin in which the testes are in- protects sperm by keeping the temperature of the testes slightly lower than the normal body temperature |
| epididymis | a J-shaped tube located on the back of each testis- coiled tube that is the location for sperm to mature and gain the ability to move |
| penis | the external sexual organ through which sperm leave the body |
| glans | the tip, or head, of the penis also known as foreskin |
| circumcision | the surgical procedure in which the foreskin is removed shortly after birth |
| vas deferens | an 18 inch tube that receives sperm from the epididymis |
| urethra | the tube that passes through the penis to the outside of the body, carries both urine and sperm but not at the same time (both vas deferens loop over the bladder and join here) |
| seminal vesicles | a pair of glands located near the bladder which produce other fluids that combine with sperm while travelling through the vas deferens (makes up 60% of semen and provides a source of energy for active sperm) |
| Cowper's glands | a pair of glands located at the base of the penis, produces fluid that mixes with sperm to create semen (clear fluid that makes up 5% of semen lubricates the uerthra) |
| prostate gland | located near the bladder at the middle of the body, produces fluid that mixes with sperm to create semen (milky white fluid makes up 35% of semen and protects sperm as it travels through the female reproductive tract) |
| semen | combined fluids from seminal vesicles, Cowper's glands, and prostate gland that mix with sperm to create nourishment and lubricant for active, travelling sperm |
| ejaculation | the ejection of semen from the penis |
| erection | a condition in which the penis becomes larger and stiffer as blood chambers in the penis become filled with blood |
| nocturnal emission | "wet dream" - an erection and ejaculation during sleep |
| sterility | a condition in which a person is unable to reproduce |
| undescended testes | a condition which results when one of the testes does not descend into the scrotum at birth |
| inguinal hernia | occurs when part of the intestine pushes into the scrotum through a weak spot in the wall near the scrotum |
| ovulation | the process in which the ovaries release one ripened egg every month |
| Fallopian tubes | small tubes that carry the released eggs from the ovaries (lie on each side of the body and are slightly curved) have finger-like ends to draw the egg into the opening. Also known as oviducts |
| uterus | a hollow, muscular pear-shaped organ located between the two ovaries and behind the urinary bladder (here the fertilized egg will develop and grow into a baby) lined with several layers of tissue and rich supply of blood to protect/nourish the fetus |
| cervix | the narrow base of the uterus- expands to allow the baby to pass through |
| vagina | birth canal- hollow, muscular passage leading from the uterus to the outside of the body |
| menstrual cycle | the process during which an egg matures and is released and the uterus prepares to receive it |
| endometrium | the lining of the uterus (if the egg is not fertilized the endometrium breaks down and is discharged from the body) |
| menstruation | the discharge of blood and tissue as well as the unfertilized egg from the uterus |
| premenstrual syndome | (PMS) discomfort experienced some time before menstrual period |
| menopause | the time in which the ovaries slow down their hormone production and no longer release mature eggs |
| vaginitis | a vaginal infection or irritation (symptoms include- thick discharge, odors, vaginal itching, and a burning sensation during urination |
| endometriosis | when tissue from the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus in the pelvic cavity |
| toxic shock syndrome | a bacterial infection can cause this rare disease (symptoms include sudden high fever, a rash, vomiting, diarrhea, and dizziness) this syndrome can lead to death |
| pap test | a medical procedure in which a sample of cells is taken from the cervix and examined under a microscope for signs of cancer |
| mammogram | an X-ray of the breast |
| heredity | the passing on or transmission of biological characteristics from parent to child |
| chromosomes | tiny structures found within almost every cell that carry the information about the characteristics you will inherit |
| deoxyribonucleic acid | the chemicals substance that chromosomes are made up of (aka DNA) |
| gene | a section of a chromosome that determines a single trait |
| genetic disorder | an abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes |
| sickle-cell disease | a genetic blood disorder that occurs most often among people of African American descent (high number of red blood cells with an abnormal shape) |
| Tay-Sachs disease | a genetic disorder characterized by the lack of an important chemical in the brain |
| phenylketonuria | or PKU a rare metabolic disorder that can cause severe mental retardation in infants |
| cystic fibrosis | a recessive disorder when the mucus that lines the lungs becomes thick and sticky-traps bacteria causing lung infections and lung damage |
| sex-linked disorders | the gene for the disorder is found on a sex chromosome, usually the X chromosome |
| Duchenne muscular dystrophy | a condition in which the person lacks a protein needed for muscle function= the gradual break down of muscle tissue and loss of control of muscles |
| hemophilia | a person's blood does not clot properly |
| Down syndrome | the result of an extra chromosome- mental retardation and have a distinctive physical appearance |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.