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Franks One of many Germanic tribes which moved into Gaul as the Roman Empire collapsed; became the dominant power in the region Clovis The first great military and political leader of the Franks 498 The year Clovis and his warriors were baptised into the Roman Church Merovingian Line of kings begun by Clovis; named for his grandfather Merovee Mayor of the Palace Name given to the chief official of the royal household during the time of the Merovingian line of kings Charles Martel The most famous Mayor of the Palace; "the Hammer" Moors Muslims from North Africa The date and outcome of the Battle of Tours 732, The Frankish army under the leadership of Charles Martel decisively defeated the invading Muslims Pepin the Short First king of the Carolingian line Carolingians Line of Frankish kings named for either Pepin's father or son, both of whom were named Charles Donation of Pepin Also known as the papal states; land in central Italy given to the Pope by Pepin Papal States Lombard territory in central Italy which Pepin gave to the pope Charlemagne Greatest of the Carolingian kings; Charles Augustus Marks Series of provinces set up by Charlemagne Missi Dominici "The king's envoys" sent out to check on the local officials, inspect local conditions, and hear grievances against government officers Carolingian Minuscule A more legible style of writing which became the basis for modern handwriting styles as well as the Roman type face Louis the Pious Charlemagne's only surviving son who had a weak reign over the Carolingian empire 843 The date for the Treaty of Verdun Treaty of Verdun Treaty which divided the Carolingian Empire among Louis the Pious' sons after his death, setting the stage for the formation of the modern nations of France and Germany Lothair the Elder, Charles the Bald, Louis the German Sons of Louis the Pious who divided up the Carolingian empire shortly after their father's death Lorraine Part of the Kingdom of Lothair north of the Alps which was divided between Charles the Bald and Louis the German after Lothair's death Magyars A nomadic people from Asia who penetrated deep into southeastern Europe earning the name the Scourge of Europe for their savage raids Hungary Location of the Magyars' eventual settlement Norsemen, Vikings German barbarians from Scandinavia Scandinavia Homeland of the Vikings Normandy One of the most important Viking settlements in Europe