Chapter 2 Population
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Agricultural Density | The ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land |
| Arithmetic Density | The total number of people divided by total land area (also called population density) |
| Census | The single most important data source for human geographers |
| Crude Birth Rate | The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society |
| Crude Death Rate | The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society |
| Child Mortality Rate | Refers to the death of infants and children under the age of five |
| Demographic Transition Model | Refers to the stages in which each country passes concerning development and population. stage 1: Low Growth stage 2: High Growth stage 3: Moderate Growth stage 4: Low Growth stage 5: No Growth- Negative growth |
| Demography | The scientific study of population characteristics |
| Dependency Ratio | The number of people who are too young or too old to work, compared to the number of people in their productive years |
| Doubling Time | The rate of natural increase affects the ________________, which is the number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase. |
| Infant Mortality Rate | The annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age compared with total live births. |
| Life Expectancy | The average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live at current mortality levels |
| Natural Increase Rate | The percentage by which a population grows in a year. Computed by subtracting the CDR from CBR. |
| Overpopulation | Not just the total number of people on Earth but also includes to relationship between the number of people and the availability of resources |
| Physiological Density | The number of people supported by a unit area of arable land |
| Population Pyramid | Normally shows the percentage of the total population in 5-year age groups, with the youngest group (0 to 4 years old) at the base of the pyramid and the oldest group at the top. |
| Population Distribution | The range or distribution of a species is the geographical area within which that species can be found. |
| Population Density | A measurement of population per unit area or unit volume |
| Population explosion | The geometric expansion of a biological population, especially the unchecked growth in human population resulting from a decrease in infant mortality and an increase in longevity |
| Total Fertility Rate | Average number of children a woman will have throughout her child-bearing years. |
| Agricultural revolution | The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering. |
| Doubling Time | The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase. |
| Ecumene | The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement |
| Epidemiological Transition | Focuses on distinctive causes of death in each stage of the DTM. stage 1: pestilence and famine stage2: Receding pandemics (industrial revolution) stage 3: Degenerative and human created diseases stage 4: delayed degenerative diseases stage 5: Reemergence of infectious and parasitic diseases |
| Expansive population policies | Government policies that ENCOURAGE large families and raise the rate of population |
| Eugenic population policies | Government policies designed to favor one racial sector over others. |
| Industrial Revolution | Began in England in the late eighteenth century and spread to the European continent and North America during the nineteenth century. Major improvements in industrial technology. Resulted in uprecedented levels of wealth and healthier places to live. |
| Infectious Diseases | Also known as communicable diseases, contagious diseases or transmissible diseases comprise clinically evident illness resulting from the infection, presence and growth of pathogenic biological agents in an individual host organism. |
| Malthusians | Group of people in favor of Malthus's theories that describe how unchecked population growth is exponential (1→2→4→16) while the growth of the food supply was expected to be arithmetical (1→2→3→4). |
| Medical Revolution | Medical technology invented in Europe and North America diffused to less developed countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Result was improved medical practices eliminated many of the traditional causes of deaths in LDCs. |
| Newborn Mortality Rate | The number of newborns dying under 28 days of age divided by the number of live births that year. |
| Population composition | The description of the population defined by characteristics such as age, sex, and race |
| Stationary Population Level | The level at which a national population ceases to grow. ALSO- when the crude birth rate equals the crude death rate and the natural increase rate approaches zero. (Aka Zero population growth; Often applied to countries in stage 4 of the demographic transition model) |
| Restrictive population policies | Policies that restrict the growth of a population, usually enforced by the government or ethnic group, such as the communist Chinese "One Child Policy" |
| Zero Population Growth | When a country reaches stage 4 of the demographics transition when the CBR declines to the point where it equal the CDR, and the NIR approaches zero. |
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