| Term | Definition |
| Charles Dickens | British novelist; social critic attacking social injustices |
| Thomas Hardy | British novelist and poet; portrayed man in a hopeless struggle against impersonal forces |
| Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain) | American novelist; used humor to portray man's hopeless strugggles |
| Leo Tolstoy | Russian novelist; realistic description of life during the Napoleonic Wars |
| Gustave Corbet | French painter; duplicate real life |
| Auguste Renoir | French painter; capture the feeling of a situation |
| Claude Monet | French painter; considered leader of Impressionists |
| Auguste Rodin | French sculptor; foremost sculptuor of the 19th century |
| Claude Debussy | French musician; capture light |
| Paul Cézanne | French painter; everything reduced to geometric shapes |
| Vincent Van Gogh | Dutch painter; used distortion to emphasize emotions |