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characteristics qualities or features of an object benefit an advantage control a group used as a standard of comparison for checking the results of the experiement evaluate to judge or determine the worth or quality of examine to look closely conclusion the outcome of an investigation infer to extend information beyond what is directly stated interpret to explain the meaning of a set of data or graph qualitative data a description of qualities or characteristics of an object quantiative data a measurement of quality or amount demonstrate to show trade-off giving up one option for another when a decision is made analyze to examine something carefully in order to understand it classify to put into categories hypothesis possible explanation in response to the scientific question that leads the investigation constraint limitation or restrictions controlled variable (s) the part of the experiment that does not change. It stays the same. reproducible to perform an experiment using the same procdures to determine similar results distinguish to tell the difference between evidence facts or observations in which a conclusion can be based experimental variable part of the experiment that changes and is being tested factors things that contribute to a particular results or situation support to show evidence in order to explain a conclusion or argument sample size number of subjects in an experiment ethics decisions and opinions that decide whether or not something is "right" observations using one of your five senses to make a statement about a living or non-living thing simulation a realistic model of a situation or activity infectious a disease that can spread from person to person; contagious disease a breakdown in the structure or function of a living organism carrier A person that has a disease but no symptoms of the disease. This person spreads the disease to other people. epidemiologist a scientist who traces the spread of a disease through a population quarantine isolating a group of people or things to prevent the spread of a disease vector an organism that spreads a disease without ever getting the disease field of view the amount and detail of a material as seen under a microscope magnify To make an object appear bigger and with more detail microbe creatures that are too small to be seen with the human eye cell the basic unit of structure and function of living things multicellular made up of more than one cell cell membrane separates the cell from the environment. Acts as a barrier to control what enters and leaves the cell cytoplasm material that fills much of the inside of the cell nucleus control center of the cell nuclear membrane separates the nucleus from the rest of the inside of the cell. Acts as a barrier to control what enters and leaves the nucleus. cell wall Found in plants cells, not in animal cells. Helps to protect and support the plant so that it can grow tall. Allows water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and certain materials to pass in and out of the cell. nucleolus "little nucleus" Site of ribosome production. Involved in the protein making process of the cell. endoplasmic reticulum Clear, tubular, passageway. It is a transportation system. Carries proteins from one part of the cell to another. ribosome Most are attached to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. Protein making site of the cell. mitochondria Supply most of the energy for the cell. "Powerhouses" of the cell. vacuole Water filled sac floating in the cytoplasm. Plants often have one large one. Animal cells , if they contain them, generally have small ones. lysosomes Common in animal cells. Involved in digesting food for the cell to use for energy chloroplasts Found in plant cells only. Contains a green substance called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll captures the energy of the sunlight to be used to make food. cellular respiration Process that provides energy your body needs and releases carbon dioxide as waste. protist single celled organisms. Genetic material is enclosed in a nucleus. Sometimes more than one virus Not considered to be living. Not composed of cells. Each are a small piece of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat. bacteria Single celled organism that do not have a nucleus. Their cells are enclosed by cell walls. immune system System in your body that fights diseases, foreign substances. White blood cells and antibodies are main parts. red blood cells Most common in the blood compared to white blood cells. Carries oxygen to cells in the body. white blood cells these cells are in the blood and they attack and fight infectious diseases. invention a new tool you can make to help solve a problem or a discovery of a new idea/concept that helps society. strategy A plan that helps you solve a problem. tool An object that contributes in our everyday lives to solve a problem. prototype The blueprint (rough draft) of a new invention. Model of the new invention. mass The amount of matter in an object. Mass is not the same as weight. technology Can sometimes be electric. Is a tool that helps society do something faster, easier and sometimes better. conductivity The ability of a material to allow heat/electricity to move through the material. density The arrangement and amount of atoms in a material. hardness How hard an object is. Its resistance to/with another object. insulator A materials inability to allow heat/electricity to move through the material. physical property hardness, electrical conductivity, density, texture, flexibility, resilience, luster, transparency, shape, size, color useful life the amount of time a material is able to do its job (be useful) convection Transfer of heat energy through fluids by moving particles, such as air. conduction Transfer of energy by direct contact between particles. radiation Transfer of electromagnetic energy by waves. (sunlight) Does not need any matter to be transferred. natural resources something that is not manmade. Comes from the earth naturally. renewable resources can be recycled or used again non-renewable resources cannot be recycled or used again crystal shape the shape of a mineral. Examples- tetrahedron, cube, octahedron, rhombohedron) luster how shiny something is. (brilliant, glassy, or dull) property characteristics of a material. (luster, transparency, reaction to acid, shape, size, hardness, light refraction) transparent can see through clearly opaque can not see through translucent can see through but image is blurry fluorite material that is transparent, purplish to clear, glassy, octahedron, harder than copper, and softer than glass crystalline structure atoms arranged in a repeating pattern geologist people who study rocks, minerals, and other non-living parts of the earth mineral non-living material found naturally on earth and has a crystalline structure rock non-living object made up of minerals igneous rocks formed by the cooling of magma metamorphic rocks formed by heat and pressure magma melted rock found deep inside the earth sedimentary rock formed by the layering of sediments over hundreds of years model a prototype, three-dimensional or on paper, of a concept or invention that shows how this thing works. mass a property of an object. It indicates how much matter is present in an object. weight measure of how hard the earth's gravity is pulling on an object. Its weight is proportional to its mass. motion what occurs when something changes its position. speed the distance traveled in a specific amount of time velocity describes the speed and the direction of motion constant velocity occurs when an object is moving in a straight line at a constant speed with no other forces acting on the object acceleration change in speed or direction or both force a push or pull dependent variable something that can be measured in an experiment independent variable In an experiment, what you directly change so that you can measure the effect it has on something else