| Term | Definition |
| dictator | An absolute ruler. |
| civil war | a war between factions in the same country |
| aqueduct | a conduit that resembles a bridge but carries water over a valley |
| pax romana | 200 year period of peace in Rome. |
| julius caesar | conqueror of Gaul and master of Italy (100-44 BC) |
| census | a period count of the population |
| gladiator | (ancient Rome) a professional combatant or a captive who entertained the public by engaging in mortal combat |
| colosseum | amphitheater in Rome built about AD 75 or 80 |
| cleopatra | beautiful and charismatic queen of Egypt |