1.
Air Pressure: The force put on a given area by the weight of the air above it.
2.
Archimedes' Principle: the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object
3.
Atmospheric Pressure: The pressure exerted by the atmosphere on all objects within it; decreases as elevation increases.
4.
Average Speed: The total distance traveled divided by the total time.
5.
Buoyancy: The ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object that is submerged in the fluid.
6.
Celsius Scale: A temperature scale that defines the freezing point of water as 0 degrees and the boiling point of water as 100 degrees.
7.
Chemical Change: A change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties.
8.
Chemical Energy: The potential energy stored in chemical bonds of molecules.
9.
Chemical Property: A characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances.
10.
Compound: A substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight.
11.
Conduction: The direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that it is touching.
12.
Convection: The transfer of heat through a fluid (liquid or gas) caused by molecular motion.
13.
Density: The amount of mass in a given volume.
14.
Displacement: The distance and direction of an object's change in position from the starting point.
15.
Elastic Potential Energy: The potential energy of a stretched or compressed object.
16.
Electrical Energy: The energy of moving electric charges.
17.
Electromagnetic Energy: A form of energy that travels through space as waves.
18.
Endothermic Energy: A change in which energy is taken in.
19.
Energy: The ability to do work.
20.
Exothermic Energy: A change in which energy is given off.
21.
External Combustion Engine: burns fuel on outside, steam/wood, coal, oil engine, piston's motion (in cylinder) turn flywheel.
22.
Fahrenheit Scale: A temperature scale that defines the freezing point of water as 32 degrees and the boiling point of water a 212 degrees.
23.
Fluid Friction: Friction that occurs as an object moves through a fluid.
24.
Fluid Pressure: The force exerted by the particles of a fluid.
25.
Force: A push or pull.
26.
Formula for Acceleration: Final Speed - Initial Speed / Time =
Acceleration m/s^2
27.
Formula for Density: Mass / Volume = Density g/cm^2
28.
Formula for Power: Work / Time = Power J/s
29.
Formula for Pressure: Force / Area = Pressure Pa
30.
Formula for Volume: Length x Width x Height = Volume units^3
31.
Formula for Volume using Displacement: Final Volume - Initial Volume = Displacement (mass of object) grams
32.
Formula for Work: Force x Distance = Work J
33.
Free Fall: The motion of a falling object when the only force acting on it is gravity.
34.
Friction: The force that opposes the motion of one surface as it moves across another surface.
35.
Gas: The state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by: relatively low density and viscosity.
36.
Gravitational Potential Energy: The energy it takes to overcome gravity.
37.
Gravity: The force that pulls objects toward each other.
38.
Heterogenous Mixture: A mixture in which you can see the different parts.
39.
Homogenous Mixture: A mixture in which materials are blended evenly so theat the mixture is the same throughout; also called a solution.
40.
How does a refrigerator work?: The refrigerant inside the refrigerator absorbs the thermal energy inside the food and sends it out the back of the refrigerator.
41.
How does water transform?: Water from the liquid form freezes to change to the solid form. Ice melts to change to liquid form. Liquid form evaporates to change to the gas form. Gas form changes back to liquid form through condensation. Solid changes to gas through sublimation.
42.
Instantaneous Speed: The speed of an object at one instant of time.
43.
Internal Combustion Engine: burns fuel on inside, diesel/ gas engine, pistonscrankshaftwheels.
44.
Kelvin Scale: The temperature scale in which the freezing point of water is 273 K and the boiling point is 373 K; 0 K is absolute zero.
45.
Kinetic Energy: The energy to do motion.
46.
Law of Conservation of Momentum: The total momentum of any group of objects remains the same, or is conserved, unless outside forces act on the objects.
47.
Liquid: A substance in the fluid state of matter having no fixed shape but a fixed volume.
48.
Mass: The amount of matter in an object.
49.
Mechanical Energy: The kinetic or potential energy associated with the motion or position of an object.
50.
Meter: S.I. unit of length.
51.
Mixture: A substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together.
52.
Momentum: The product of a body's mass and its velocity.
53.
Motion: The distance from another object is changing.
54.
N's 1st Law and Example: Inertia-The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion.
Example-
If you are in outer space and you throw a ball it won't stop until something acts on it.
55.
N's 2nd Law and Example: Acceleration-The rate at which velocity changes.
Example-
Kids like it when they go on roller coasters, on a roller coaster you accelerate.
56.
N's 3rd Law and Example: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Example-
When you jump, you push on the ground in reaction, the ground propels you upward.
57.
Net Force: The combination of all the forces acting on an object.
58.
Nuclear Energy: The energy released by a fission or fusion reaction; the binding energy of the atomic nucleus.
59.
Physical Change: A change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition.
60.
Physical Property: A characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance.
61.
Plates: The pieces of Earth's rocky layer that fit together.
62.
Potential Energy: Stored energy.
63.
Power: The rate at which work is done.
64.
Pressure: The force exerted on a surface divided by the total area over which the force is exerted.
65.
Projectile: Any object that moves through the air or through space under the influence of gravity.
66.
Radiation: The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.
67.
Reference Point: A place or object used for comparison to determine if an object is in motion.
68.
S.I.: System of measurement.
69.
Sink or Float?: Whether the substance sinks or floats depends on the density of the substance and what it is immersed in. If a substance's density is greater than its beholder, then it sinks. If it is less, it floats.
70.
Slope: The steepness of a line on a graph.
71.
Solid: Of definite shape and volume.
72.
Solution: A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
73.
Speed: The distance the object travels in the amount of time it takes to travel that distance.
74.
Temperature: The average kinetic energy of the individual particles of matter.
75.
Terminal Velocity: The greatest velocity a falling object reaches.
76.
Theory of Plate Tectonics: States that Earth's plates move slowly in various directions.
77.
Thermal Energy: The total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles in a substance.
78.
Transfer of Energy Example: A toaster transforms electrical energy into thermal energy.
79.
Velocity: The speed in a given direction.
80.
Water Pressure: The pressure exerted by the weight of the water above an object; increases as depth increases.
81.
Weight: A measure of the force of gravity on an object.
82.
Work: When objects move in the same direction in which the force is exerted.
