Chapter 8: Photosynthesis
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Created by:
itssimi on December 30, 2011
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Description:
Vocabulary terms from Chapter 8 of Prentice Hall Biology. THIS IS A HARD CHAPTER! This chapter covers the process of photosynthesis (WAY HARDER THAN IT SOUNDS). :)
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Fabulous Hurricanes, Fabulous Study Buddies
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16 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 autotroph | an organism that makes its own food, such as a plant |
| heterotroph | an organism that obtains its energy from the food it consumes |
| adenosine triphosphate | one of the principal compounds that cells use to store and release energy, abbreviated as ATP |
| adenosine diphosphate | a compound similar to ATP, but with two phosphate groups instead of three, abbreviated as ADP |
| photosynthesis | the process by which plants use the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high-energy carbohydrates and oxygen as a waste product |
| pigment | a light-absorbing molecule that plants use to gather the sun's energy |
| chlorophyll | the plants' principal pigment, absorbs blue-violet and red light very well, but not green light |
| thylakoid | a saclike photosynthetic membrane contained inside the chloroplasts |
| grana | stacks of thylakoids |
| photosystem | a cluster of pigments that is the light-collecting unit of the chloroplast |
| stroma | the region of the chloroplast outside the thylakoid membranes where the Calvin cycle takes place |
| NADP+ | a carrier molecule of the electron transport chain that accepts and holds 2 high-energy electrons along with a hydrogen ion (H+) |
| NADPH | the compound that NADP+ is converted to; carries the high-energy electrons to chemical reactions elsewhere in the cell |
| light-dependent reactions | the reactions in photosynthesis that require light that produces oxygen and converts ADP and NADP+ into ATP and NADPH |
| ATP synthase | an enzyme that allows H+ ions to pass through it and then rotates to bind ADP and a phosphate to produce ATP |
| Calvin cycle | light-independent reactions; a cycle in which ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions is used to produce high-energy sugars |
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