Chapter One: How to Make Orderly Observations
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13 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Quantitative Designs | Research designs that use descriptive data such as written descriptions of people, including opinions and attitudes, and of events and environments. |
| Qualitative Designs | Research designs in which events can be quantified so that the final data are numerical (for example, an experiment). |
| Experimental Method | A research technique in which an independent variable is manipulated and a dependent variable is measured. The experimental method allows a causal inference to be made: any change in the dependent variable was caused by the manipulation of the independent variable. |
| Correlational Observation | A research design in which the researcher attempts to determine whether two or more variables are related without attempting to manipulate the variables or draw casual conclusions. |
| Scatter Plot | A means of graphing data points in which the position of each point is determined by its value corresponding to the variables on each axis. |
| Directionality Problem | Not knowing which of the variables was the cause and which was the effect of a correlational observation. |
| Surveys | The collection of data by asking people about their opinions or behaviors. |
| Third Variable Problem | Not knowing from correlational observation whether a change in one variable caused a change in a second variable or whether a third variable caused a change in both. |
| Archival Research | A type of study in which existing public or private records are examined, organized, and interpreted. |
| Ethnography | A quantitative research designs that describes a culture in detail. |
| Naturalistic Observation | A type of research in which behavior is studied within its natural setting. |
| Case History | A non-experimental means of collecting data that contains detailed accounts of the behaviors of a single person or event. |
| Psycho-histories | Psycho-autobiographies, usually of well know individuals, that attempt to explain behavior patterns by examining critical events in their lives. |
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