| Term | Definition |
| deconstruction | a postmodern approach to exploring meaning by taking apart and examining taken-for-granted categories and assumptions, making possible newer and more sound constructions of meaning |
| externalization | Michael White's technique of personifying problems as external to persons |
| hermeneutics | the art of analyzing literary texts or human experience, which are understood as fundamentally ambiguous, by interpretting levels of meaning |
| problem-saturated stories | the usual pessimistic and blaming accounts that clients bring to therapy, which are seen as helping keep them stuck |
| reconstruction | the creation of new and more optimistic accounts of experience |
| realtive influence questions | questions designed to explore the extent to which the problem has dominated the client versus how much he or she has been able to control it |
| social constructionism | like constructivism, it challenges the notion of an objective basis fo knowledge. Knowledge and meaning are shaped by culturally shared assumptions |
| unique outcomes | Michael White's term for times when clients acted free of their problems, even if they were unaware of doing so. Narrative therapists identify unique outcomes as a way to help clients challenge negative views of themselves |