Absolutism and Constitutionalism Termlist!
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Absolutism | a form of government that the ruler has absolute power, therefore no one can un-check or change the choices of the ruler |
| Divine Right | a belief developed from Thomas Hobbes that states that a ruler's power comes directly from God;ruler's should not take advantage or abuse their power |
| Cardinal Richelieu | worked with Louis XIV and sought out to strengthen royal authority; he destroyed the power of the Huguenots because they did not bow down to royal power |
| Cardinal Mazarin | successor of Cardinal Richelieu; was the chief minister to Louis XIV |
| Louis XIV(Sun King) | he is known as the "sun king"-- the sun is the center of the world, therefore he wanted to be the central power of France; absolute ruler of France from 1643-1715 |
| The Fronde | this was the uprising of rebellious nobles,merchants,peasants, and the urban poor in protest of royal power or to preserve their own |
| Versailles | France's political capital where Louis XIV built his palace to symbolize his power |
| Mercantilism | a policy of the nation sought to export more that it imported in order to build its supply |
| Colbert | finance minister to Louis XIV, who helped Louis XIV with new ideas for farming and other businesses |
| War of Spanish Succession | a war fought by different European countries that was caused by Louis XIV when he appointed his grandson as the next ruler |
| Treaty of Utrecht | this treaty ceased the war of Spanish Succession by the reinforced power |
| James I | the first Stuart monarch who questioned Parliament about the belief of "divine right"; he clashed with dissenters (Protestants who differed from the Church of England); he attempted absolutism in his time as ruler |
| Charles I | came to power in 1625;son of James I ; caused the Long Parliament by signing a petition about taxes but ignored it for 11 years ; |
| English Civil War | this war lasted from 1642-1651; it was between the Cavaliers (upper class---wealthy nobles) and the roundheads (lower class--urban poor who was led my Oliver Cromwell) |
| Oliver Cromwell | leader of the Roundheads in the English Civil War; created a government called the Commonwealth; suppressor of levellers (poor people who wanted say in government) |
| Puritanism | group of Protestants who sought to "purify" the Catholic church practices ; having a church without bishops and simplification of worships |
| Restoration | the renewed English monarchy which caused the return of Charles II |
| Charles II | a popular ruler who ruled from 1685-1688; person who restores society and restores the monarchy; reopened taverns, theaters; allowed the Catholic religion |
| James II & the Glorious Revolution | brother of Charles II; practiced the Catholic faith which made English Protestants fear that he would bring back the Roman Catholic Church; overthrown by his daughter and her husband; The Glorious Revolution is the series of events that led to the overthrow of James II |
| William & Mary | Mary is the daughter of James II and William is her husband; they overthrew James II; became rulers of England after the Glorious Revolution; accepted acts passed by Parliament (English Bill of Rights) |
| Bill of Rights | the English Bill of Rights ensured the superiority of Parliament over monarchy ; also barred any catholic from sitting on the throne; restated the traditional rights of English citizens |
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