| Term | Definition |
|---|
| RNA | ribonucleicacid |
| Transcription | Process where DNA codes for RNA in the nucleus of a cell |
| Translation | Process where RNA codes for Proteins |
| Ribosomes | organelle in the cell where proteins are made |
| Uracil | nitrogen base found in RNA NOT DNA |
| mRNA (Messenger RNA) | RNA that carries information from DNA to ribosomes |
| rRNA (ribosomal RNA) | RNA that helps form the structure of ribosomes |
| tRNA (transfer RNA) | RNA that matches amino acids to mRNA |
| Central Dogma of Biology | DNA to RNA to Proteins |
| RNA polymerase | Enzyme responsible for unwinding DNA and adding complementary RNA nucleotides to the DNA template during transcription |
| amino acids | the "Building blocks" of proteins |
| Codon | Three nitrogen bases of a mRNA that codes for a particular amino acid |
| anticodon | The anticodon region of a transfer RNA is a sequence of three bases that are complementary to a codon in the mRNA. |
| Point Mutation | 1 or a few nitrogen base(s) change |
| Frameshift Mutation | change the reading frame; can change all of the amino acids (insertion or deletion of bases) |
| Chromosomal Mutations | when a change is made that affect the whole chromosome. |
| gene | segment of DNA that is located in a chromosome and that codes for a specific hereditary trait |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| histone | protein DNA wraps around to form a chromosome |
| nucleotide | building blocks of nucleic acids |
| Base-pairing rules | adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine |
| DNA replication | DNA makes a copy of itself |
| semi-conservative | results from DNA replication, each new molecule of DNA is composed of ½ old DNA and ½ new DNA |
| helicase | enzyme responsible for unzipping the DNA strand during DNA replication |
| DNA polymerase | enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs and proofreads the new double stranded DNA |
| Watson & Crick | created a model of the structure of DNA (double helix) |
| Mutation | Any change in the sequence of DNA |
Combine with other sets
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