| Term | Definition |
|---|
| afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pipil) | pupillary dilation i n the eye with a pre-chiasmic optic pathway lesion, in response to shining a light in the damaged eye after first shining it in the normal eye |
| agraphia | inability to communicate ideas in written language not due to mechanical dysfunction; typically results from damage to the parietal lobe |
| akathisia | motor restlessnenss; inability to sit still |
| akinesia | paucity of movement |
| aphasia | impaired or absent comprehension or production of, or communication by, speech, writing, or signs; due to acquired lesion or injury to the dominant cerebral hemisphere |
| ataxia | incoordination of movement usually due to disease of cerebellar or sensory pathways |
| athetosis | involuntary, slow writhing movements |
| clonus | a form of movement marked by contractions and relaxations of a muscle, occuring in rapid succession seen with, among other conditions, spasticity and some seizure disorders |
| dementia | acquired and sustained loss of memory and other intellectual functions that is of sufficient severity to interfere with daily functioning |
| diplopia | double vision |
| dysarthria | inability to pronounce or articulate words due to disorders of the vocal apparatus |
| dysdiadochokinesia | impaired ability to perform rapid alternating movements; indicates cerebellar dysfunction |
| dysesthesia | pain or discomfort in response to astimulus that would not be expected to cause pain |
| dyskinesia | difficulty in performing voluntary movements. term usually used in relation to various extrapyramidal disorders |
| dysphonia | voice disorder, often related to weakness of laryngeal muscles, in which sound production is impaired |
| dystonia | involuntary muscle spasms that produce peculiar postures of different body parts |
| fasciculations | involuntary contractions, or twitchings, of groups of muscle fibers, a coarser form of muscular contraction than fibrillation |
| fluent aphasia (wernicke's or receptive aphasia) | impairment of language comprehension including impaired repetition due to lesion of the posterior left superior temporal gyrus |
| graphesthesia | ability to recognize letters or numbers drawn on the finger or palm |
| hemianopia | loss of vision in one half of the visual field, indicating a pathological process posterior to the optic chiasm |
| hemiballismus | involuntary violent flinging or jerking of a limb in an uncoordinated manner caused by a lesion of the contralateral subthalamus |
| myelitis | inflammatory disease of the spinal cord |
| myelopathy | symptoms and signs associated with spinal cord compression |
| myoclonus | sudden, shock-like, jerking contraction of a group of muscles |
| myopathy | muscle disease; manifested by LMN weakness that is usually proximal>distal |
| non-fluent aphasia (broca's or expressive aphasia) | selective impairment of language production including impaired repetition due to a lesion of the left inferior frontal lobe |
| paralysis | loss of power of voluntary movement in a muscle through injury to or disease of tis nerve supply |
| paresis | partial or incomplete paralysis |
| paresthesia | an abnormal sensation (burning, pricking, tickling, or tingling) |
| stereognosis | the appreciation of the form of an object by means of touch |
| tremor | repetitive, often regular, o scillatory movements caused by contraction of opposing muscle groups; usually involuntary |
| amenorrhea | absence or abnormal cessation o f the menses |
| climacteric | periodof endocrinal, somatic, and transitory psychological changes occurring in menopause |
| cystitis | inflammation of the urinary bladder |
| cystocele | hernia of the bladder usually into the vagina and introitus |
| dysmenorrhea | painful menstruation |
| dyspareunia | pain experienced during sexual intercourse |
| dysuria | difficulty or pain in urination |
| epididymitis | inflammation of the epididymis |
| hematuria | any condition in which urine contains blood or RBCs |
| hydrocele | a collection of serous fluid in a sacculated cavity; specifically, such a collection in the space of the tunica vaginalis testis, or in a separate pocket along the spermatic cord |
| impotence | inability of the male to achieve and/or maintain penile erection |
| menarche | establishment of the menstrual function; the time of the first mentrual period |
| menorrhagia | abnormally heavy and prolonged menstruation at regular intervals |
| menometrorrhagia | irregular or excessive bleeding during menstruation and between menstrual periods |
| metrorrhagia | any irregular, acyclic bleeding from the uterus between periods |
| oligomenorrhea | light menstruation |
| oliguria | scanty urine production (frequently defined as less than 500 ml in 24 hrs) results in inefficient excretion of the products of metabolism |
| polyuria | excessive excretion of urine resulting in profuse micturition |
| pyuria | presence of pus in the urine when voided |
| rectocele | hernia of the colon usually into the vagina an introitus |
| testicular torsion | painful condition caused by the twisting of the spermatic cord, which causes a loss of blood flow to the testicle |
| urethritis | inflammation of the urethra |
| varicocele | a condition manifested by abnormal dilation of the veins of hte spermatic cord, caused by incompetent valves in the internal spermatic vein, and resulting in impaired drainage of blood into the spermatic cord veins when the patient assumes the upright position |
| dilation | physiologic or artificial enlargement of a hollow structure or opening. the act of stretching or enlarging an opening or the lumen of a hollow structure |
| effacement | the thinning out of the cervix just before or during labor |
| station | the degree of descent of the presenting part of the fetus through the maternal pelvis, as measured in relation to the ischial spines of the maternal pelvis |
| stress (urinary incontinence) | involuntary loss of urine that occurs during physical activity, such as coughing, sneezing, laughing, or exercise |
| urge (urinary incontinence) | a strong, sudden need to urinate, followed by a bladder contraction, which results in leakage |
| overflow (urinary incontinence) | the patient's bladder is always full so that it frequently leaks urine. |
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