Coombs - APES Chapter 11
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coombsbiology Plus on January 3, 2012
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APES ap environmental science Chapter vocal reviews tiff
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Local Extinction | species no longer found in an area that it once inhabited but can be found elsewhere in world |
| Ecological Extinction | so few members of a species are left that it can no longer play its ecological role |
| Biological Extinction | species no longer found anywhere on earth |
| Endangered Species | so few individual survivors that species could soon become extinct over most of its natural range |
| Threatened Species | abundant in natural range but because of declining numbers it is likely to become endangered in near future |
| Red Lists | world-wide list of endangered/threatened species put out by International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) |
| Species-Area Relationship | 90% destruction of habitat will cause loss of about 50% of the species in that area |
| Theory of Island Biogeography | biodiversity is based on size of habitat island as well as proximity of the island to the nearest larger habitat area |
| Ecotourism | wildlife tourism where people pay to study, learn about, and observe natural environments |
| Endemic Species | species unique to a particular ecosystem and found nowhere else on earth |
| Habitat Island | habitat surrouned by a different type of habitat |
| Habitat Fragmentation | large continuous area of habitat is reduced in area and divided into smaller, more scattered, and isolated patches or "habitat islands" |
| Biotic Pollution | harmful ecological and economic effects from the presence of accidentally or deliberately introduced species into ecosystems |
| Bioaccumulation | gradual build-up of synthetic and organic chemicals in living organisms |
| Biomagnification | increase in concentration of persistent chemicals (heavy metals or fat-soluble pesticides) in successively higher trophic levels of a food chain or web |
| Poaching | illegal hunting |
| Bushmeat | wild animals being hunted by local people, frequently illegally, for food or to supply restaurants |
| CITES | Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species; international agreement between 175 governments that aims to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival |
| CBD | Convention on Biological Diversity; agreement by 188 countries to reverse decline in biological diversity; prevent/control spread of ecologically harmful invasive species; landmark internation law since it focuses on ecosystems rather than individual species |
| ESA | Endangered Species Act (1973); US law making it illegal to hunt, harass, uproot, harm any threatened or endangered species |
| NMFS | National Marine Fisheries Service; federal agency responsible for listing endangered and threatened ocean species as part of the ESA |
| USFWS | US Fish and Wildlife Service; federal agency responsible for listing endangered and threatened all species other than ocean species as part of the ESA |
| HCP | Habitat Conservation Plan; amendment to the ESA in 1982 which allows secretary of interior to strike a compromise between landowners and the threatened/endangered species by allowing destruction of some critical habitat in exchange for taking steps to protect members of that species |
| Gene / Seed Banks | protects and preserves genetic diversity of plant species by storing seeds in refrigerated, low-humidity environments |
| Botanical Gardens / Arboreta | "museums" that contain living plants of about 1/3 known plant species |
| Egg Puling | technique for preserving endangered species; collecting wild eggs and hatching them in research centers or zoos |
| Captive Breeding | technique for preserving endangered species; some or all of wild individuals are captured for breeding in capativity and hopefully reintroduced to the wild |
| Reconciliation Ecology | establish and maintain new habitats to conserve species diversity in places where people live, work, or play; share spaces that we dominate with other species |
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