1.
2 copies of each autosomial gene affect: phenotype
2.
basic principles of genetics are: the same in any sexually reproducing organisms
-inheritence complex
3.
blood cells have...: protien
-O blood has none
4.
chromosomes exchange....: homologous pairs during meiosis
5.
chromosomes, not genes assort idependitely during..: meiosis
6.
closer two gense are...: more likely they will be inherited together
7.
codominat allels: both be expressed
-neither dominat/recessive
8.
cross over frequencies can be used to....: convert into map units
-ex. if gene A and B are 6% seperate 6% of the time, and B and C are seperated 12.5% of the time, then gene A and gene C are speperate 18.5% of the time
9.
cross-over frequencies are related to...: distances bewteen genes
10.
environment interacts with...: genotype
11.
epistatic gene: can interfere with other gense
-ex. albino
12.
expression of sex-linked genetic disorder depends in...: which parent cariies allel and sex of the child
13.
females can carry....: sex linked genetic disorders
-maales express all their sex-linked genes
14.
females have xx: -expressed in sex-linked genes is simular ro autosomial genes
-x chromosomes inactivation randomly "turns off" one x chromosome
15.
gene linkage was developed throgh...: fruit flys
16.
genes can be mapped to ....: specific location on chromosome
17.
human genttics floows the apptern that: is seen in other organisims
18.
if phenotype disorder more common in males...: its sex-linked
19.
incomplente dominance: neither alle is completely dominat nor compeltely recessive
-hetero zyogous phenotype is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotype
-homozyogous parental phenotypes are not seen in F1 offsrping
20.
karytoypes show: cahgnes in chromosome
-deletion of part/loss of chromosome
-large changes in chromosome
-extra chromosomes/duplication of part of chromosome
21.
linkage maps estimate: distance between genes
-relative location of genees
22.
linked genes aren't: inherited together everytine
23.
male mammals have xy: -all male's sex-linked genes are expressed
-males have no second copies of sex-linked genes(so have more problems)
24.
many genes interact to produce...: one trait
25.
medel also studied: autosomial gene triats
26.
medels rules of inhertitence apply to: autosomial genetic disorders
-a heterozygote for a recessive dosorder is a carrier
-disorders caused by dominat allels are uncommon(exception, huntingtons)
27.
methods to map human chromosomes:: karyotype in which a picture is taken of chromosomes in cell
-if mutation, watn on a little chromosome, not big one)
28.
morgan found: that linked traits are on the same chromosome
29.
multiple alleles: when genes have more than 2 allels in poplulation, not you
-ex. blod type A,B,O
-IA, IB, i
30.
pedigree: chart for tracing genes in family
-phenotypes are used to interfere genotypes
-autosomial gene show diffrent pattern in this cahrt than sex-linked gense
-sqaure=males/cirle=female
31.
phenotype can depend on...: interactions of alles
32.
phenotype is a combination of: genotypes and environment
-ex. sea turtles(sex depends on tempreture eggs kept in)
-ex. height
33.
polygenit trait: produced by two or more genes
34.
polygentics: important in understanding human genetics
-dingle-gene traits
35.
symbols for incomplete dominace: ex. R, R1
36.
symbols of codominant allele: ex. W, B
-hetero. have patches of each
37.
the chromosome on which genes are located can...: affect the experssion of trait
38.
x chromosome responsible for: may traits
39.
y chromosome responsible for: male characteristics in mammals
