| Term | Definition |
| Abbasids | members of a Muslim ruling family descended from Abba |
| Fatimid dynasty | a Muslim ruling family in Egypt & North Africa that was descended from Fatima |
| mosque | the Muslim houses of worship |
| Ibn Sina | a famous Muslim philosopher |
| astrolabe | an instrument used to observe & measure the position of planets & stars |
| Al-Khwarizmi | an astronomer and mathematician who translated important texts from India |
| a Thousand and One Nights | a famous collection of stories that was contributed by many cultures |
| mysticism | a form of religious belief and practice involving sudden insight & experiences with God |
| calligraphy | the art of beautiful handwriting |
| immortal | able to live forever |
| astronomy | the scientific study of objects and the universe |
| conservatory | an advanced school of music |
| pharmacists | a person who prepares medications for use in healing |