All of lesson 5 and 6 nervous and respiratory systems
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Created by:
douglasallison12 on January 4, 2012
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465 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Apnea | Absence of breathing |
| Asphyxia | A condition due to interruption of breathing that leads to suffocation and death |
| sphyx | pulse |
| Bronchitis | Inflammation of the bronchi |
| Endotracheal tube | A tube inserted through the nose or mouth and into the windpipe to provide air directly into the lungs |
| Epistaxis | Nosebleed |
| -staxis | dripping |
| epi- | upon |
| Expectoration | Process of coughing up and spitting out material |
| Ex- | out |
| pector | chest |
| -ion | process |
| Hemoptysis | Coughing blood from the lungs |
| -ptysis | spitting |
| Hyperventilation | Process of excessive breathing |
| ventilat- | to air |
| Laryngitis | Inflammation of the larynx |
| Laryngoscope | Instrument for examining the larynx |
| Nasogastric tube | A tube inserted through the nose into the stomach for feeding or to remoe stomach contents |
| Nasopharyngitis | Inflammation of the nose and pharynx (throat) |
| -pharyng | throat |
| Olfaction | process of smelling |
| olfact- | smell |
| Oropharynx | Pertains to the area at the back of the mouth and throat |
| Oro- | mouth |
| Orthopnea | Inability to breathe unless in an upright or straight position |
| Otolaryngology | Study of the ear, nose and throat. Also called otorhinolaryngologist to include study of the nose |
| Pharyngitis | Inflammation of the pharynx |
| Pleurisy, pleuritis | Inflammation of the covering of the lungs |
| -isy | inflammation |
| Pleurodynia | Pain in the pleura |
| Pneumonia | Inflammation of the lung |
| Pneumonitis | Inflammation of the lung |
| Pneumothorax | Collection of air in the chest cavity. |
| Rhinovirus | A virus that causes the common cold. |
| Thoracentesis | Removal of fluid from the chest. |
| -centesis | puncture to remove fluid |
| Thoracoplasty | surgical repair of the chest |
| Tonsillectomy | Surgical removal of the tonsils |
| Tonsils | glands located at the back of the throat |
| AFB | Sputum analysis to detect Acid Fast Bacillus to diagnose TB |
| Apnea | Absence of breathing |
| Arterial blood gas (ABG) | Measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide by removin blood from an artery |
| Bronchogenic carcinoma | A type of lung cancer |
| Chronic bronchitis | Chronic inflammation of the bronchi, which results in increased mucus and expectoration |
| COPD | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or COLD, chronic obstructive lung disease. Progressive disease that does not get better over time |
| Cyanosis | Bluish discoloration of the skin due to inadequate oxygen |
| Cystic fibrosis | An inhertied disease in the glands that produce sweat and mucus |
| Hiccup/singultus | Spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm creating a "hic" sound |
| ICU | Intensive care unit, special unit for continuous monitoring of critically ill patients |
| TB skin test or PPD test | Skin test to detect TB exposure |
| Segmental or wedge resection | Removal of a small portion of the lung |
| Asthma | A chronic breathing problem with inflamed airways and wheezing |
| Lobes | Sections of the lungs, right lung has 3 and left has 2 |
| Thyroid cartilage | AKA Adam's Apple, protects the vocal chords |
| O2 sat or oxygen saturation | Estimate of the amount of oxygen in the blood by using a lighted device instead of removing the blood |
| Exhaling (Expiration) | Giving off carbon dioxide |
| Pneumonia | Inflammation of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses or chemical irritants |
| Alveoli | Air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged |
| Incentive spiromete | A device to help patients inhale deeply after surgery or after procedures |
| Inhaling (inspiration) | Breathing in oxygen |
| Pneumo-thorax | Presence of air in the pleural cavity, often referred to as a collapsed lung |
| Pulmonary | Refers to the lungs (Pneum-breathing or lungs) |
| Sputum cytology | A study of phlegm (spit) cells under a microscope |
| Total Lung Capacity | Total volume of air that the lungs can hold |
| Pulmonary embolism | Blockage of the pulmonary artery by foreign matter from a blood clot or embolus |
| Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) or ventilator | A "breathing machine" that automatically forces air in and out of the lungs |
| Tuberculosis (TB) | An airborne disease, chronica bacterial infection of the lungs |
| Pleura | Covering of the lungs |
| Suctioning | Used to obtain secretions and cells from the trachea and large bronchi |
| Bronchi | Cartilage rings that conduct air into the lungs |
| diaphragm | Main muscle of respiration located at the base of the thorax |
| Bronchoscopy | to look inside the lungs with a scope |
| Lobectomy | Removal of an entire lobe of a lung |
| Larynx, voicebox | contains the vocal chords |
| Adenoids | Lymph tissue located behind the nose |
| Lungs | Main organ of respiration (adding oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from the blood) |
| Mediastinoscopy | Incision made into the neck usually to remove a sample from the lymph nodes |
| Nose | Where air enters, warms the air as it enters the lung cavity |
| Pleura | Covers the lungs and lines of the thoracic cavity |
| Pharynx | Throat, back of the mouth and nose |
| Tonsilis | Lymph tissue located behind the mouth |
| Trachea, windpipe | Tube that connects the pharynx to the lungs |
| Atelectasis | Collapsed lung due to collapsed small airways |
| Bronchitis | Inflammation of the bronchi |
| Bronchoscope | Instrument to examine the bronchi |
| Dyspnea | Difficulty breathing |
| Dys- | difficult |
| pnea | breathing |
| hemoptysis | Coughing blood from the lungs |
| hemo- | blood |
| -ptysis | coughing |
| hypercapnia | high concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood |
| capni- | carbon dioixide |
| -ia | condition |
| hypocapnia | Low carbon dioxide in the blood |
| capnea, carbia | carbon dioxide |
| hypoxia | condition of low oxygen in the blood |
| laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx |
| pleurisy | inflammation of the pleura |
| pulmonologist | Physician who specializes in lung disorders |
| rhinoplasty | Surgery to repair the nose |
| rhinorrhea | Runny nose |
| rrhea | runny |
| tachypnea | rapid breathing |
| tachy- | rapid |
| tracheotomy | a surgical procedure creating an opening into the trachea |
| Thoracotomy | Surgical procedure to opening the chest wall to provide access to the organs in the chest cavity |
| lip-, lipo- | fat |
| lith-, litho- | stone |
| lymph-, lympho- | lymph |
| mamm-, mast- | breast |
| mening-, meningo- | meninges (the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord |
| muscul-, musclo-, my-, myo- | muscle |
| myel-, myelo- | spinal cord OR marrow bone |
| myrin, myringo- | eardrum |
| nephr-, nephro- | kidney |
| neur-, neuri- | nerve |
| oculo- | eye |
| odont-, odonto- | tooth |
| onych-, onycho- | fingernail, toenail |
| oo- | egg, ovary |
| oophor-, oophoro- | ovary |
| op-, opt- | vision |
| ophthalm-, ophthalmo- | eye |
| orchid-, orchido-, orchio- | testis |
| ossi-, ost-, oste-, osteo- | bone |
| osseo- | bony |
| ot-, oto- | ear |
| ovari-, ovario-, ovi-, ovo- | ovary |
| phalang | phalanx (any bone in the fingers or toes) |
| pharyng-, pharyngo- | pharynx, throat |
| phleb-, phlebo- | vein |
| phob-, phobia | fear |
| phren-, phreni-, phrenico-, phreno | diaphragm |
| pleur-, pleura-, pleuro- | rib (membrane that wraps around the outside of your lungs and lines the inside of your chest cavity) |
| pneum-, pneuma-, pneumat-, pneumato- | air, lung |
| Pod-, podo | Foot |
| Prostat | Prostate |
| psych-, psyche-, psycho | mind |
| proct-, procto- | anus, rectum |
| pyel-, pyelo- | pelvis |
| rachi- | spine |
| rect-, recto- | rectum |
| ren-, reno- | kidney |
| retin- | retina |
| rhin-, rhino- | nose |
| salping-, salpingo | tube |
| sigmoid-, sigmoido- | sigmoid colon |
| splanchn-, splanchni, splanchno- | viscera (internal organ) |
| columna vertebral | spinal column |
| La médula espinal | spinal cord |
| El lÃquido cefalorraquÃdeo | Cerebrospinal fluid |
| Bulbo RaquÃdeo | Brain stem |
| Cerebro | cerebrum |
| Cerebelo | cerebellum |
| El sÃndrome del túnel carpiano | Carpal tunnel syndrome |
| La enfermedad de Parkinson | Parkinson´s disease |
| La demecia | Dementia |
| Enfermedad de Alzheimer | Alzheimer´s disease |
| equilibrio | balance |
| Bradicinesia | bradykinesia |
| Ataque isquémico transitorio (mini derrame) | Ischemic Transient Attack |
| Una convulsión | A seizure |
| Desmayo | fainting |
| La miastenia grave | Myasthenia gravis |
| Insomnio | Insomnia |
| Apnea del sueño | Sleep apnea |
| SÃndrome de las piernas inquietas | Restless leg syndrome |
| Resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) | Magnetic Nuclear Resonance |
| Imágenes por resonancia magnética (IRM) | Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) |
| ElectromiografÃa | Electromyography |
| TomografÃa | CT or CAT Scan |
| Ultrasonido Doppler Dúplex | Doppler Ultrasound |
| Punción lumbar (punción espinal) | Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) |
| Aspirina | aspirin |
| ibuprofeno | ibuprofen |
| La hinchazón | swelling |
| hinchar | to swell |
| Los opioides | Opiates |
| Recetar | Prescribe |
| acetaminofén | acetaminophen |
| Medicamentos de venta sin receta | Over the counter drugs (OTC) |
| Estimulación eléctrica transcutánea del nervio (EETN) | Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) |
| coágulo | clot |
| acous-, acouso- | hearing |
| aden-, adeno- | gland |
| adip-, adipo- | fat |
| angi-, angio- | blood vessel |
| arteri-, arterio- | artery |
| arthr-, arthro- | joint |
| blephar- | eyelid |
| bronch-, bronchi- | bronchus (large airway that leads from the trachea (windpipe) to a lung) |
| bucc-, bucco- | cheek |
| burs-, burso- | bursa (a small, fluid-filled sac that acts as a cushion between a bone and other moving parts) |
| carcin-, carcino- | cancer |
| cardi-, cardio- | heart |
| cephal-, cephalo- | head |
| chol- | bile |
| chondr- | cartilage |
| coron- | heart |
| cost- | rib |
| crani-, cranio- | brain |
| cyst-, cysti-, cysto- | bladder or sac |
| dactyl-, dactylo- | digit (finger or toe) |
| derm-, dermato- | skin |
| duodeno | duodenum (the first part of your small intestine, right after your stomach) |
| -esthesio | sensation |
| gloss-, gloss- | tongue |
| gastr- | stomach |
| gnath-, gnatho- | jaw |
| grav- | heavy |
| hem-, hema-, hemat-, hemato-, hemo- | blood |
| hepat-, hepatico-, hepato- | liver |
| hidr-, hidro- | sweat |
| hist-, histio-, histo- | tissue |
| hyster-, hystero- | uterus |
| ileo- | ileum (the lower part of the small intestine) |
| irid-, irid- | iris |
| ischi-, ischio- | ischium (the lower and back part of the hip bone) |
| -ium | structure or tissue |
| kerat-, kerato- | cornea (eye or skin) |
| lacrim-, lacrimo- | tear (from your eyes) |
| lact-, lacti-, lacto- | milk |
| laryng-, laryngo- | larynx (voice box) |
| lingu-, linguo- | tongue |
| -oma | mass or tumor |
| chole-/bili | bile |
| cholecyst- | gallbladder |
| cyst- | sac or container |
| -ectomy | removal |
| -lysis | to dissolve |
| -itis | inflammation |
| -dynia | pain |
| -megaly | enlarged |
| Akinesia | A- lack of ,-kinesia motion. Absence of movement or impaired movement |
| Amnesia | A- lack , mnes memory, -ia condition. Condition in which there is a loss or lack of memory |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS | A- lack of my/o, muscle -troph(y) nourishment -ic pertaining , later side -al pertaining to, sclero hardening, -osis condition (usually abnormal) muscular weakness and atrophy, caused by degeneration of neurons of the spinal cord. |
| Analgesia | An- lack of, -algesia condition of pain. Condition in which there is a lack of the sense of pain. |
| Anencephaly | An- lack of, encephal brain, -y condition. Congenital condition in which there is a lack of Development of the brain. |
| Anesthesia | An- lack of. -esthesia feeling. Loss or lack of the sense of feeling |
| Anesthesiologist | An- lack of, -esthesio feeling, logy- study of, -ist one who specializes. Physician who specializes in the science of anesthesia. |
| Aneurysm | A bulge or weakened area in an artery caused by weakening of the blood vessel. |
| Aphagia | A- lack of -phagia to eat, swallow. Loss or lack of the ability to eat or swallow |
| Aphasia | A- lack of, -phasia to speak, Lack of the ability to speak, or understand speech |
| Asthenia | A- lack of, -sthenia strength. Loss or lack of Strength. |
| Bradykinesia | Brady- slow, -kinesia motion, movement. Abnormal slowness of motion |
| Cataract | Clouding of the lens of the eye causing vision to become blurry |
| Continence | Ability to control bowel and bladder function. |
| Dysphagia | Dys- difficulty, phagia - eating or swallowing. Difficulty or painful swallowing |
| Electroencephalograph | Electro electricity, encephalo brain, -graph instrument for recording. Instrument used to record the electrical Activity of the brain |
| Electromyography (EMG) | Electro electricity, myo muscle, -graphy recording . Recording the contraction of a skeletal muscle as a result of electrical stimulation |
| Encephalitis | Encephal brain -itis inflammation. Inflammation of the Brain |
| Encephalopathy | Encephal brain -pathy disease. Any dysfunction of the brain |
| Glaucoma | Eye condition that leads to blindness due to increased pressure inside the eyes. |
| Hemiparesis | Hemi- half -paresis weakness. Slight paralysis that affects one side of the body |
| Hemiplegia | Hemi- half, -plegia stroke, paralysis Paralysis of one half of the body |
| Herniated disk or slipped disk | Hernia -protrusion, disk - cushioning between the bones of the spine. Bulging of the disk in the spine putting pressure on the spinal nerves. |
| Hydrocephalus | Hydro- water, cephal head -us pertaining to. Pertaining to an increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain |
| Hyperesthesia | Hyper- excessive, -esthesia feeling or sensation. Excessive sensitivity to stimuli such as pain, touch, pressure, etc. |
| Hyperkinesis | Hyper- excessive, -kinesis motion Excessive muscular movement and motion; inability to be still |
| Incontinence | In- opposite of, continence - to contain. Inability to control bowel or bladder function |
| Intracranial | Intra- within, crani skull -al ,pertaining to. Pertaining to within the skull |
| Intracranial hemorrhage | Hemo - blood, rrhage -severe bleeding. Severe bleeding inside the skull. |
| Intracranial pressure | Pressure within the skull |
| Meningitis | Meninges covering. Inflammation of the membrane covering of the brain and spinal cord |
| Microcephalus | Micro -small. Cephal- head or brain, us - condition. Abnormally small head and brain. |
| Myasthenia gravis | My- muscle, asthenia - weakness, gravis - grave or serious. A neurological disease characterized by severe muscle weakness. |
| Myelography | Myelo spinal cord, -graphy recording. X-ray recording of the spinal cord after injection of a radiopaque dye into the spinal canal |
| Narcolepsy | Narco sleep or stupor, -lepsy - attack. Chronic condition with recurrent attacks of uncontrollable drowsiness and sleep |
| Narcotic | Narco- sleep, tic-referring to. Medication that induces sleep |
| Neuralgia | Neuro -nerve, algia -pain. Nerve pain |
| Neuritis | Neur nerve -itis inflammation. Inflammation of a nerve |
| Neurologist | Neuro nerve, log study , -ist one who specializes. Physician who specializes in the study of the nervous system. |
| Neurology | Neuro nerve, -logy study of Study of the nervous system |
| Neuroma | Neuro nerve, -oma tumor. Tumor of nerve cells. |
| Neuropathy | Neuro nerve, -pathy . Any nerve disease |
| Paraplegia | Para- beside, -plegia stroke, paralysis. Paralysis of the lower part of the body |
| Paresis | Slight, partial, or incomplete paralysis |
| Paresthesia | Para- beside, -esthesia . Abnormal sensation, feeling of numbness, prickling, or tingling |
| Polyneuritis | Poly- many, neur nerve, -itis inflammation. Inflammation of many nerves. |
| Quadriplegia | Quadri- four, -plegia stroke, paralysis. Paralysis of all four extremities.aalso called tetraplegia |
| Somnambulism | Somn sleep, ambul to walk, -ism condition. Condition of walking during sleep |
| Thrombolytic | Thrombo -clot, lysis - dissolve, tic -referring to. Substance that dissolves a blood clot |
| Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) | Trans - through, cutan -skin, ous - condition. Use of mild electrical stimulation to the skin to relieve pain. |
| Ischemia | Blockage of a blood vessel supplying the brain |
| Infarction | The creation of a fluid-filled cavity due to the death of brain cells |
| Hemorrhagic | bleeding into or around the brain |
| Embolus | A free-roaming clot that can become wedged in a brain artery |
| Thrombosis | formation of a blood clot in one of the cerebral arteries that stays attached to the artery wall until it grows large enough to block blood flow |
| Stenosis | a narrowing of the artery due to the buildup of plaque and blood clots along the artery wall |
| Plaque | mixture of fatty substances, including cholesterol and other lipids |
| Atherosclerosis | Occurs when deposits of plaque build up along the inner walls of large and medium-sized arteries, causing thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of artery walls and decreased blood flow |
| Aneurysm | a weak or thin spot on an artery wall |
| CSF | "cerebrospinal fluid" found throughout the cranium |
| TIA | "Transient Ischemic Attack", also "mini-stroke", starts like a stroke but then resolves leaving no noticeable symptoms or deficits |
| CT scan | "Computed tomography scan", also known as CAT scan ("computed axial tomography"), creates a series of cross-sectional images of the head and brain |
| MRI | "Magnetic resonance imaging", uses magnetic fields to detect subtle changes in brain tissue content |
| MRA | "Magnetic resonance angiography", detects stenosis of the brain arteries inside the skull by mapping flowing blood |
| Duplex Doppler Ultrasound | Sound waves above the range of human hearing are sent into the neck and the echoes bounce of the moving blood and tissue in the artery and can be formed into an image. Not considered as accurate as arteriography |
| Carotid endarterectomy | Surgery used to remove fatty deposits from the carotid arteries and can help prevent stroke |
| Thrombolytics | Drugs used to treat ongoing acute Ischemic stroke caused by an artery blockage and halt the stroke by dissolving the blood clot that is blocking blood flow to the brain |
| Antithrombotics | Drugs that prevent the formation of blood clots that can become lodged in a cerebral artery and cause strokes |
| Anticoagulants | reduce stroke risk by reducing the clotting property of the blood |
| Cat scan | Computerized x-ray system which provides cross-sectional images of the spine or other parts of the body. Sometimes is done following a myelogram or discogram |
| Cervical | Pertains to the neck |
| Cerebrospinal fluid | CSF. A watery fluid, continuously produced and absorbed, which flows in the ventricles (cavities) within the brain and around the surface of the brain and spinal cord. |
| Degenerative Disc Disease | Deterioration in disc structure and function, which commonly causes pain and loss of function |
| Disc | Discs serve as shock absorbers between the vertebrae of the spinal column |
| Discectomy | The procedure where a disc is removed surgically. |
| Frontal | In anatomy, pertaining to the forehead. |
| Herniated Disc | Also known as a slipped disc, is a condition in which nucleus tissue is moved from the center of a disc into the spinal canal. Herniated discs cause great pain in the low back and leg or the neck and arm and they create pressure against one or more of the spinal nerves. Other names for herniated discs are prolapsed discs or ruptured discs. |
| Inflammation: | A basic way in which the body reacts to infection , irritation or other injury, the key feature being redness, warmth, swelling and pain |
| Kyphoplasty | A surgical procedure designed to stop the pain caused by the bone fracture, stabilize the bone, and to restore the lost vertebral body height due to the compression fracture. |
| Laminectomy | Surgery technique in which part of the back of the vertebra is removed in order to reach to the nerves and discs |
| Meninges | The membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord |
| Myelin | The fatty substance that covers and protects nerves. |
| MRI Scan | Computerized magnetic imaging system that provides cross-sectional images of the spine or other body parts. |
| Multiple sclerosis | Abbreviated MS. A disease of the central nervous system (CNS) marked by numbness, weakness, loss of muscle coordination, and problems with vision, speech, and bladder control. |
| Myelogram | Diagnostic procedure in which an iodine is injected as a dye into the spinal canal and shows up on x-rays that are taken |
| Neurology: | The medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the nervous system -- the brain, the spinal cord, and the nerves. |
| Occipital | Pertaining to the occiput, the back of head. |
| Posterior | This term refers to the back or dorsal surface of the body. |
| Spinal Cord | This is the primary nervous system, that runs from base of the skull to the lower back via the spinal canal. Problems or impingement of bony or soft tissues on cord or nerve roots is the primary reason for spine surgery. |
| Vertebral Column | The longitudinal skeletal axis of the body that is composed of 26 distinct bones which are called vertebrae. |
| Ophthalmoscope | A lighted instrument, one of the most important tools of the physician, used to examine the interior of the eye , including the lens , retina and optic nerve |
| optic nerve | connects the eye to the brain |
| Optic | Having to do with vision |
| Pain | An unpleasant sensation that can range from mild, localized discomfort to agony. |
| Reflex | A reaction that is involuntary |
| Spinal cord | The major column of nerve tissue that is connected to the brain and lies within the vertebral canal and from which the spinal nerves emerge |
| Spine | The column of bone known as the vertebral column, which surrounds and protects the spinal cord |
| Therapeutics | In medicine, the branch that deals specifically with the treatment of disease and the art and science of healing |
| Vital | Necessary to maintain life. Breathing is a vital function |
| Alzheimer's Disease (AD) | A brain disorder that seriously affects a person's short term memory and judgement. |
| Electroencephalogram (EEG) | System for recording the electrical activity of the brain |
| Incontinence | Inability to control bowel or bladder function |
| Aneurysm | A bulge or "ballooning" in the wall of an artery |
| Apoplexy | An old Latin term for stroke |
| Bell's palsy | A form of facial paralysis resulting from damage or trauma to one of the facial nerves |
| Dementia | Loss of memory and other intellectual functions that develop over time |
| Carpal tunnel syndrome | Occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm into the hand, becomes pressed or squeezed at the wrist |
| Contracture | Permanent shortening of the muscles and tendons adjacent to a joint |
| Cataract | A clouding of the lens in your eye |
| Cerebral atrophy | The shrinking of the brain or brain cells |
| CVA Cerebrovascular accident | Stroke, brain attack |
| Dopamine | A neurotransmitter involved in several functions such as movement, walking |
| Continence | Ability to control bowel and bladder |
| Lordosis | an exaggerated forward curve of the lower part of the back, sometimes called sway-back |
| Coma | Sometimes also called persistent vegetative state, is a profound or deep state of unconsciousness |
| Clonic seizure | Generalized seizure characterized by jerking movements on both sides of the body |
| Concussion | A type of brain injury, usually refers to minor brain injury |
| Delirium | Abnormal mental state characterized by disorientation, inattention, confusion usually related to a metabolic condition |
| Epilepsy | Brain disorder where nerve cells fire abnormally causing seizures |
| Muscular dystrophy (MD) | Progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles |
| Fainting or syncope | Temporary loss of consciousness |
| Myasthenia gravis | A neuromuscular disease with varying degrees of weakness of the skeletal (voluntary) muscles of the body |
| Glaucoma | Increased pressure inside the eyes, damaging the optic nerve |
| Paralysis | Inability to move a part of the body |
| Cognitive impairment | A deficiency in a person's short or long term memory, orientation as to place, person and time, thinking and judgment |
| Paresthesia | Burning or prickling sensation felt on the surface of the skin |
| Huntington's chorea | An inherited disease that causes certain nerve cells in the brain to waste away |
| Peripheral neuropathy | Symptoms due to damage to the peripheral nervous system |
| Embolic stroke | A stroke caused by an embolus or a blood clot from another part of the body |
| NIHL | Noise-induced hearing loss |
| Embolus | A clot of the blood that travels in the bloodstream |
| Otitis media | Ear infection that affects the middle ear |
| Embolism | Blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus |
| Insomnia | Difficulty with falling asleep |
| LDL | Low Density Lipoprotein - "bad cholesterol" |
| Scleritis | An inflammation of the sclera (the white outer wall of the eye) |
| Tremor | Unintentional, muscle movement involving to-and-fro movements of parts of the body |
| Seizures | Sudden, abnormal electrical activity in the brain |
| Tinnitus | Ringing in the ears |
| Sleep apnea | Sleep diorder characterized by brief interruptions of breathing during sleep |
| Transient Ischemic Attack or mini stroke | Symptom of stroke that comes and goes quickly |
| Spina bifida | literally "cleft spine", is characterized by the incomplete development of the brain, spinal cord, and/or meninges |
| anticoagulant | "blood thinner", prevents blood clots |
| hemorrhagic stroke | stroke due to bleeding into or around the brain |
| myopia | nearsightedness |
| Ischemic stroke | stroke due to blockage of a blood vessel supplying the brain |
| aura | a sensation that may signal a seizure |
| Multiple sclerosis (MS) | A nervous system disease that damages the myelin of the brain and spinal cord |
| "clipping" | surgical procedure for treatment of brain aneurysms involving clamping an aneurysm from a blood vessel |
| heparin | an injectable type of anticoagulant |
| warfarin | an oral anticoagulant |
| Nerve conduction study (NCS) | method of diagnosing the type and location of nerve injury using application of electrical stimulation to the nerve |
| Lumbar puncture | procedure in which a needle is inserted into the lumbar subarachnoid space for measurement of cerebrospinal fluid |
| tympanic membrane | ear drum |
| sciatic nerves | supply nerve impulses to the buttocks and legs |
| cephalic | relating to the head |
| cervical nerves | nerves coming from the neck region of the spine |
| carotid artery | an artery located on either side of the neck that supplies the brain with blood |
| left hemisphere | controls the right side of the body |
| right hemisphere | controls the left side of the body |
| cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | clear fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord |
| Brain stem | regulates breathing, heart rate and body temperature |
| cerebellum | located in the back of the brain involved in regulation of movement, such as basic movement, balance and posture |
| temporal lobe | located on the sides of the brain, involved in perception and recognition of auditory stimuli and memory |
| Cerebral cortex | the outer covering of the cerebral hemispheres involved in functions such as though, voluntary movement and language |
| Parietal lobe | located behind the frontal cortex involved in perception of stimuli related to touch, pressure, temperature and pain |
| Epidural steroid injection (ESI) | Nerve block |
| Occipital lobe | The posterior lobe of the brain involved with vision. Also Visual cortex |
| Cranial nerves | nerve supply to the eyes, mouth, ears and parts of the head and face |
| Peripheral nerves | nerve supply to the arms and hands |
| meninges | membranes that enclose and protect the central nervous system |
| autonomic nerves | nerve supply to the lungs, heart, stomach, intestines bladder and sex organs |
| Neuroma | tumor composed of nerve tissue |
| Auditory/acoustic | hearing |
| Gustatory | Refers to sense of taste |
| Olfactory | Sense of smell |
| Microcephaly | A baby born with a small head because the brain has stopped developing |
| anhidrosis | inability to produce sweat |
| an-/a- | without |
| hidro- | water |
| apnea | cessation of breathing |
| pnea | breathing |
| aphasia | inability to speak or understand speech |
| phasia | speech |
| bradykinesia | slowed movement due to nervous dysfunction |
| brady | slow |
| kinesia | movement |
| bruxism | grinding one's teeth while asleep |
| brux | grinding |
| ism | condition |
| cephalgia | head pain or headache |
| cepha | head |
| algia | pain |
| diplopia | double vision |
| di | double |
| plopia | vision |
| dyslexia | disorder that limits the ability to read |
| dys | difficulty |
| lexis | speech |
| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| phagia | swallowing |
| hydrocephalus | lit. "water in the brain"; excessive CSF in the brain |
| cephalus | pertaining to the head/brain |
| insomnia | difficulty with falling asleep or staying asleep |
| somni | sleep |
| -ia/-tic | condition |
| narcolepsy | sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness |
| narco | to numb or put to sleep |
| narcotic | drugs that induce sleep |
| paraplegia | paralysis of both legs |
| para | alongside or abnormal |
| plegia | paralysis |
| hemiplegia | paralysis of one side of the body |
| hemi | one half |
| hemiparesis | reduced ability to activate motor neurons; weakness of half of the body |
| paresis | weakness |
| post-herpetic neuralgia | persistent pain after herpes zoster (shingles) infection |
| post | after or behind |
| neuro | nerve |
| Quadriplegia/Tetraplegia | paralysis of all four extremities |
| quad/tetra | four |
| radiculopathy | back pain related to nerve root problem |
| radic | nerve root |
| pathy | disease or disorder |
| tonic-clonic seizure/grand mal seizure | severe and violent muscle contractions during a seizure |
| tonic | increased stiffening of seizures |
| clonic | contraction |
| thrombolytic TPA | "Clot buster" or medication to dissolve clots |
| Thrombo | clot |
| lytic | dissolve |
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