9th Grade English Midterm
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68 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 alliteration | repetition of the same initial consonant sound |
| anaphora | repetition of a word or phrase as the beginning of sucessive clauses |
| assonance | repetition of the same internal vowel sound in words |
| metaphor | comparison between two unlike things |
| onomatopoeia | use of words to imitate sounds |
| simile | comparison between two things using like or as |
| pun | play on words |
| anachronism | assignment of something to a time when it was not in existance |
| personification | figure that endows animals and inanimate objects with human capabilities |
| allusion | reference in a literary work to another event or character |
| apostrophe | figure where the speaker talks directly to a nonhuman object |
| foreshadowing | providing hints of what is to come |
| irony | unexpected outcome or event |
| mood | atmosphere or feeling |
| point of view | speaker perspective |
| setting | time and place of a story |
| theme | uniting message of a story |
| tone | author's attitude toward a subject |
| blank verse | non-rhyming poetry |
| foil | characters who are directly opposed to one another |
| symbolism | use of objects to represent abstract ideas |
| tragic hero | protagonist who comes to a bad end as a result of their own behavior |
| tragic flaw | single characteristic which causes the downfall of the protagonist |
| Elizabeth I | English Protestant queen who reigned from 1558-1603 during Shakespeare's time "The Virgin Queen" |
| James Stuart | English king, successor of Elizabeth I |
| Great Chain of Being | belief in order and harmony for all beings |
| Elements | belief that the world is made up of fire, earth, water, and air |
| Humors | belief that each human consists of four bloods/humors choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic, and melancholic |
| Martin Luther | leader of the Protestant Reformation in 1517 |
| Henry VIII | English king who separated from the Catholic Church to annull his marriage, creating the Church of England |
| Mary I | English queen and sister of Elizabeth I who restored England to its Catholic faith |
| petty school | school for young boys to learn manners and good behavior |
| grammar school | school for older boys to learn Latin and other subjects in preparation for University |
| Globe Theater | theater where most of Shakespeare's plays were performed by all men |
| William Shakespeare | playwriter and actor 1564-1616, wrote 38 plays and 154 sonnets and lived in Stratford-upon-Avon |
| comedy | light-hearted and funny play |
| tradgedy | drama where characters suffer great disasters or misfortunes and has a negative outcome |
| history | play that features historical characters or events |
| groundlings | poor spectors of performances that were in the pit/courtyard |
| stage | platform that extended into the pit |
| second level gallery | upper stage area used for balcony scenes |
| trapdoors | openings in the stage used for ghosts |
| heavens | area above stage used for angelic beings |
| iambic pentameter | stressed, unstressed line meter in 10 syllables |
| prose | ordinary writing that is not song or poetry, usually spoken by lower-class characters in Shakespeare plays |
| plot | sequence of events in a literary work |
| exposition | plot beggining introducing the characters, setting, and situation |
| inciting moment/initial incident | event which begins the plot |
| conflict | struggle that develops, man vs. self, man, nature, society |
| protagonist | good guy |
| antagonist | bad guy |
| crisis | moment where protagonist's situation either gets better or worse |
| climax | turning point of the plot |
| resolution | end of conflict |
| denouement | final explanation of the plot after the resolution |
| theme | central idea which gives insight into life explaining the downfall |
| round character | character with many personality traits |
| flat character | character with only one personality trait |
| static character | character who remains the same throughout the play |
| dynamic character | character that changes during the plot |
| monologue | one character speaking while other characters are on stage |
| soliloquy | character speech expressing thoughts and feelings with no other characters on stage |
| aside | words spoken in an undertone, not to be heard by other characters |
| direct address | words that tell the audience who is being addressed |
| dramatic irony | contradiction between what a character thinks and what the audience knows |
| verbal irony | words used to suggest the opposite of what is meant |
| situational irony | event that contradicts the expectations of the characters or audience |
| comedic relief | comedy used to relieve tension or tragedy |
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