Chapter 9: The States of Matter
About this set
Created by:
hancan12345 on January 4, 2012
Subjects:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
33 terms
Chemistry | English |
|---|---|
 kinetic theory | This states that the tiny particles in all forms of matter are in constant motion. |
| Properties of a Gas | Gases are composed of particles that move in rapid, random motions, and often collide with perfect elasticity. They fill the volume of their containers. |
| contained gases | Gases in sealed containers. |
| Temperature | The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. |
| absolute zero | The temperature at which the motion of particles stops. |
| barometers | These measure atmospheric pressure. |
| gas pressure | The result of many collisions of gas particles on an object. |
| atmospheric pressure | The result of particles of air molecules colliding with objects. |
| pascal (Pa) | The SI unit of pressure. |
| One millimeter of mercury (1mm Hg) | The pressure needed to support a column of mercury 1 mm high. |
| One standard atmosphere (1 atm) | The pressure required to support a column of mercury 760 mm high. |
| STP | Conditions at a pressure of 1 atm and a temperature of 0° C. |
| condensed states of matter | Liquids and solids are known as these. |
| vaporization | The conversion of a liquid to a gas or vapor below its boiling point. |
| evaporation | The vaporization of an unconfined liquid. |
| vapor pressure | The pressure that is caused by the collisions of vaporized particles colliding with the walls of a sealed container. |
| boiling point | The temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is just equal to the external pressure. |
| normal boiling point | The boiling point of a liquid at a pressure of 1 atm. |
| nematic substances | In these substances, the rods are parallel to each other as they move in the liquid. |
| smectic substances | In these substances, the rods are parallel and in layers. The rods in each layer are free to move parallel to each other. |
| cholesteric substances | In these substances, there are layers with parallel rods, but each layer is not parallel to each other as in smectic substances. |
| melting point | The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid. |
| crystal | A substance where the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in an orderly, repeating three-dimensional pattern. |
| unit cell | The smallest group of particles within a crystal that retains the shape of the crystal. |
| amorphous solids | These are solids that lack an ordered structure. |
| supercooled liquids | These are liquids that have cooled to a rigid state without becoming crystalline. Glass are amorphous solids that are often given this name. |
| phase change | When the physical state of a substance changes. |
| sublimation | The act of a solid passing straight to a gas, without ever being a liquid. |
| heat of fusion | The heat required to melt one gram of a solid at its melting point. |
| heat of solidification | The amount of heat given up as one gram of liquid changes to a solid at the melting point. |
| heat of vaporization | The heat needed to change 1 gram of a liquid to gas at its boiling point. |
| heat of condensation | The amount of heat given off when 1 gram of a gas condenses to a liquid at its boiling point. |
| plasma | This state of matter occurs when a gas is heated to very high temperatures. The molecules break into atoms and the electrons fall off. The temperature needs to be at least 50,000 K to make this. |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.