chemistry of life biology chapter 2
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Atom | The smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means. |
| Element | A pure substance made of only one kind of atom. |
| Compound | A substance made up of the joined atoms of two or more different elements. |
| Molecule | The smallest unit of a substance that keeps all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance; it can consist of one atom or two or more atoms bonded togeather. |
| Ion | An atom, radical or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a negative or positive charge. |
| Cohesion | An attraction between substances of the same kind. |
| Adhesion | An attraction between different substances. |
| Solution | A mixture in which one or more substances are evenly distributed in another substance. |
| Acids | Compounds that form hydrgen ions when dissolved in water are called... |
| Bases | Compoundes that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution are called... |
| Carbohydrates | Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in the proportion of 1:2:1. |
| Monosaccharides | The building blocks of carbohydrates are single sugars such as glucose and fructose. |
| Lipids | Nonpolar molecules that are not soluble or mostly insoluble in water. They include fats, phospholipds, steroids, and waxes. |
| Phospholipids | Make up the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. |
| Fats | Lipids that store energy. |
| Protein | A usually large molecule formed by linked smaller molecules called amino acids. |
| Amino acids | The building blocks of proteins which can be electrically charged. |
| Nucleic Acid | A long chain of smaller molecules called nucleotides. |
| Energy | The ability to move or change matter. |
| Chemical Reaction | A process during which chemical bonds between atoms are broken and new ones are formed. Producing one or more different substances. |
| Reactants | The starting materials for chemical reactions. |
| Products | The newly formed substances. |
| Activation energy | The energy needed to start a chemical reaction is called... |
| Enzymes | Substances that increase the speed of chemical reactions. |
| Catalysts | Substances that reduce the activation energy of a chemical reaction. |
| subtrate | a substance on which and enzyme acts during a chemical reaction. |
| active site | The site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate. |
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