Landmark Supreme Court Cases
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Created by:
jessevo on April 26, 2009
Subjects:
government, court cases, ap government
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49 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Barron v. Baltimore | States do not have to abide by the Bill of Rights, 1883 |
| Gitlow v. New York | Overturns Barron v. Baltimore, states abide by Bill of Rights, 1925 |
| Schenk v. United States | Clear and Present Danger, 1919 |
| Tinker v. Des Moines | Black arm bands allowed in school (Vietnam War), 1969 |
| Miller v. California | Obscenity --> average person's standard, 1973 |
| Texas v. Johnson | legal to burn a flag, 1989 |
| Reno v. ACLU | internet --> can not sensor for minors, 1997 |
| Everson v. Board of Education | Wall-of-separation principal announced, 1947 |
| Engle v. Vitale | no prayer in public school, 1963 |
| Lemon v. Kurtzman | Three tests described to decide if government is improperly involved with religion, 1971 |
| Mapp v. Ohio | Evidence illegally gathered may not be used in a criminal trial, 1961 |
| Gideon v. Wainwright | Persons charged with a crime have a right to an attorny even if they cannot afford one, 1963 |
| Miranda v. Arizona | desccribes ruling that police must give to arrested persons, 1966 |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | upheld seperate-but-equal facilities for white and black people on railroad cars, 1896 |
| Brown v. Board of Education 1954 | seperate public schools are inherently unequal, thus starting racial desegregation, 1954 |
| Griswold v. Connecitcut 1965 | found a "right to privacy" in the constitution that would ban any state law againsted selling contraceptives, 1965 |
| Roe v. Wade 1973 | state laws againsted abortion were unconstitutional, 1973 |
| Planned Parenthood v. Casey 1992 | Reaffirmed Roe v. Wade but upheld certain limits on its use, 1992 |
| Regents of the University of California v. Bakke 1978 | Quota bans unconstitutional, but diversity was still a legit goal and could take race into account in school addmissions, 1978 |
| Gratz v. Bollinger 2003 | numerical benefits cannot be used to admit minorities into college, but race can be a plus factor in making the decisions, 2003 |
| Marbury v. Madison | This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review, 1803 |
| McCullough v. Maryland | In establishing a national bank, Congress was legally exercising its enumerated powers not sepcifically mentioned in the Constitution, 1819 |
| Brandenburg v. Ohio | Set test for evaluating freedom of speech cases: will the speech incite "imminent lawless action"? 1969 |
| Buckley v. Valeo | Found that a limitation of a candidate's spending on his/her own campaign is a violation of the first amendment, 1976 |
| Board of Education v. Pico | Ruled that boards of education cannot ban certain books from their libraries because of members' views, 1982 |
| Bethel v. Fraser | Schools can prohibit lewd speech in front of a captive audience, 1986 |
| Hustler Magazine v. Falwell | Public figures must prove malice in libel suits, 1988 |
| United States v. Eichman | Declared Flag Protection Act, which made flag-burning illegal, unconstitutional, 1990 |
| Free Speech Coalition v. Ashcroft | Said that the Child Pornography Prevention Broad, in using broad terminology, abridges free speech, 2002 |
| Near v. Minnesota | Government cannot have prior review of a publication, Minnesota "gag law" is unconstitutional, 1931 |
| Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier | Schools can edit content of student publications, 1988 |
| West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette | Students in public schools may not be compelled to recite the Pledge of Allegiance, 1943 |
| Gregg v. Georgia | Death penalty is not "cruel and unusual punishment" in cases of murder, 1976 |
| Baker v. Carr | One person one vote-state elections (Warren Court's judicial activism.), 1962 |
| Wesberry v. Sanders | One person, one vote (in redistricting for federal elections, each congressional district was to be approximately the same) In Georgia, the 5th district had 3 to 4 times more people than did the other districts, 1964 |
| Clinton v. New York City | Ruled that the law granting the president the line item-veto was unconstitutional, 1998 |
| Escobedo v. Illinois | 1964--Ruled that a defendant must be allowed access to a lawyer before questioning by police. |
| Reynolds v. United States | First Amendment protects religious belief, but not criminal practices related to religious belief (polygamy), 1878 |
| Wallace v. Jaffree | Mandatory prayer in schools violates the first amendment, 1985 |
| Oregon v. Smith | Drugs in religious observances, still illegal |
| Elk Grove Unified District v. Newdow | Teachers can require students to say the pledge of allegiance, Newdow did not have standing to sue because of his custody situation, 2004 |
| Roth v. United States | Obscenity, first amendment protects only speech with some kind of redeeming social importance, 1957 |
| Weeks v. United States | Government doesn't have the right to search someone's home and seize possessions without a search warrant, 1914 |
| New Jersey v. TLO | School officials can search someone's possessions if there is "reasonableness" |
| Vernonia School District v. Acton | Random drug testing of athletes does not violate the search and seizure clause of the fourth amendment |
| In Re Gault | Juveniles require due process rights, 1967 |
| Ingraham v. Wright | Eighth amendment's ban on "cruel and unusual" punishment doesn't have to be applied to non-criminal proceedings, such as school discipline, 1977 |
| Roper v. Simmons | The execution of minors violates the "cruel and unusual punishment" clause of the eighth amendment, 2005 |
| Loving v. Virginia | Laws banning the marriage of blacks and whites are unconstitutional, 1967 |
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