| Term | Definition |
|---|
| acropolis | Literall "high point of the city." The upper fortified part of an ancient Greek city. usually devoted to religious purposes. |
| agora | Means market. |
| egalitarian society | Societies where everyone was equal in social and political status. |
| feudal city | A city where land is owned by nobility and it is worked by peasants and serfs. |
| formative era | The time when states and urbanization developed. |
| Little Ice Age | Temporary but significant cooling between the fourteenth and the nineteenth century; accomplished by wide temperature fluctuations, droughts, and storms and causing famines and dislocation. |
| manufacturing city | Cities that mostly manufacture goods. |
| mercantile city | Cities where merchants could participate in city governance and can support the reconstruction of city centers. |
| modern city | A city that has a lot of suburbanization. |
| postmodernism | A movement in art, philosophy, and the social sciences that argues that it is impossible to study reality objectively. It rejects the grand theoretical claims of the modern era and stresses the possibility of multiple interpretations in social inquiry, the arts, and politics. |
| primate city | A country's largest city most expressive of the national culture and usually (but not always) the capital city as well. |
| state | A politically organized territory that is administered by a sovereign government and is recognized by a significant portion of the international community. |
| theocratic center | Centers where rulers were deemed to have divine authority and were, in effect, god-kings. |
| transport network | A big grid of transport. |
| urban banana | A crescent shaped zone of early urbanization extending across Eurasia from England in the west to Japan in the east. |
| urban elite | A group of decision makers and organizers who controlled the resources, and sometimes the lives, of others. |
| urban system | The functional and spatial organization of towns and cities. |
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