Topic 1: Nervous System
About this set
Created by:
jeffxtreme on January 5, 2012
Subjects:
Description:
Includes the nervous system, including things about action potentials.
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
56 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 receptors | sense changes within the body and outside environment |
| sensory input | function of receptors |
| CNS | processes, integrates, interprets all messages received, working with endocrine system to control all bodily functions |
| integration, homeostasis, mental activity | functions of CNS (3) |
| effectors | direct responses to the messages it has received |
| motor output | function of effectors |
| brain and spinal cord | CNS is made of up these (2) |
| sensory (afferent): motor (efferent) | PNS is divided into __ or __, which transmit action potentials from receptors to CNS, and __, which transmit from CNS to effector organs |
| somatic: autonomic | PNS motor subunit is divided into __, which controls skeletal muscle and skin, and __ which controls internal (visceral) organs |
| skeletal muscle and skin | PNS somatic subunit controls these (2) |
| internal (visceral) organs | PNS autonomic subunit controls these |
| neurons, neuroglia (glial cells) | nervous system is composed of __ (conduct nervous impulses from one part of the body to another) and __ (supporting cells) |
| receive and transmit info, extreme longevity (live as long as we do), anmiotic (but some exceptions), and high metabolic rate (must have high glucose and oxygen levels) | features of neurons are (4) |
| centrioles | neurons do not contain these cell structures, which would allow it to divide |
| Nissl bodies | extensive rough ER found in cell bodies of neurons are called |
| golgi apparatus | cell organelle that surrounds the nucleus of a cell body of a neuron |
| granular | cell body of a neuron has a __ cytoplasm |
| nuclei: ganglia | cell bodies tend to cluster in certain areas, if in brain or spinal cord = ___, if in the rest of the body = ___ |
| protection | cell bodies are mostly found within the CNS because of ___ |
| embryonic development | cell bodies are important in __, processes grow out from them to connect with other neurons |
| tracts | bundles of processes within the CNS are called |
| nerves | bundles of processes within the PNS are called |
| dendrites | part of a neuron that receive and carry neuron impulses toward the cell body |
| same | dendrites contain mainly the __ organelles as the cell body |
| dendritic spines | sensory neurons contain __, differentiating them from motor dendrites. The dendrites are less branched, and bulbous |
| axon | part of a neuron that carries neuron impulse away from the cell body |
| can | axon are usually single, but __ branch |
| axon hillock | region connecting axon to cell body is called |
| presynaptic terminal | where the axon end, branches into this |
| axoplasm | cytoplasm of the axon |
| axolemma | plasma membrane of the axon |
| protection, insulation, speeds up neuron impulse conduction | functions of the myelin sheath (3) |
| Schwann cell: oligodendrocytes | the two cells responsible for the formation of myelin sheats are __ (PNS) and __ (CNS) |
| myelin basic protein: proteolipid | the membranes of Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes are ebmedded with __ and a specific __ |
| ... | the multi-layered membrane wrapping around an axon is called |
| node of Ranvier | the myelin sheet is periodically interrupted by a bare space called a __, which is a space between Schwann cells not insulated by myelin. |
| grooves | unmylienated cells rest in __ of Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes |
| white: gray | nervous tissue that is myelinated is referred as __ matter: while nervous tissue that is unmyelinated is referred as __ matter |
| most: some: no | __ proteins are made in the cell body, __ proteins are made in the dendrites, __ proteins are made in axons (quantity) (because of a lack of...) |
| orthograde: retrograde: skin | proteins move ___ toward the axons, while damaged membranes and organelles move __, towards the cell body. This is also how infectious diseases such as rabies and herpes move through axons in the __ |
| sensory: afferent: receptors | __ or __ neurons transmit impulses from __ in skin, sense organs, muscles, internal organs to brain and spinal cord |
| motor: efferent: effectors: muscles: glands | __ or __ neurons transmit impulses from brain and spinal to __, like __ and __ |
| interneurons: association | __ or __ neurons carry impulses between other neurons, located in __. __-__% of neurons are this type, including most of __ |
| multipolar: bipolar: pseudo-unipolar: __: most sensory | __ neurons have 3 or more processes (can be sensory, motor, or association); __ neurons have two processes and are very rare (found in __), all of which are sensory; __ neuron is found in __ |
| astrocytes, epednymal cells, microglia, oligodendrocytes | four neuroglia cell types found in the CNS |
| abundant: blood: blood-brain | astrocytes are the most __ neurolgia, they anchor neurons to the __ supply, and form the ____ barrier. It maintains ion concentrations in and around neurons, responds to tissue damage, and promotes synapse development and activity. |
| ventricles: cerebro-spinal fluid: ciliated | ependylmal cells line the __ of the brain, help to secrete __, and may be __ (to circulate fluid) |
| troubled neurons, foreign organisms: phagocytize | microglia move around and look for __ or __, and can __ them to protect healthy neurons (considered part of the immune system?) |
| numerous | oligodendrocytes contains __ processes (multiple neurons), which wrap around axon and produce myelin sheaths |
| satellite cells, Schwann cells | two types of PNS neuroglia |
| cell bodies: support, protection, nutrients | Satellite cells surround neuron __ in ganglia: function is to provide __, __, and __ |
| single | Schwann cells wraps around a __ axon, to produce myelin sheaths |
| when ligands bind, electrochemical gradient, passive: don't know location | chemically gated ion channels opens when: once it is open it is controlled by: is it active or passive: location: |
| ... | voltage-gated ion channels opens when: once it is open it is controlled by: is it active or passive: location: |
| ... | passive ion channels open when: once it is open it is controlled by: is it active or passive: location: |
| ... | antiport pumps open when: once it is open it is controlled by: is it active or passive: location: |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.