Chp14 Animal Physiology
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Created by:
apilgrim Plus on January 6, 2012
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39 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 animals | multicellular eukaryotes |
| ingestion | how animals acquire nutrients |
| movement | characteristic of all animals |
| locomotion | movement from place to place |
| endoskeleton | grows with the animal |
| hydrostatic skeleton | shared by nematodes, flatworms, and annelids. A fluid filled compartment that enables the animal to move from place to place |
| tendons | connect bones to muscles |
| ligaments | connect bones to bones at joints |
| rabbit ears | in warm environments having long ears allows the animal to dissipate heat and in cold environments short ears help conserve heat. |
| ectotherm | heated from outside |
| endotherm | maintains a constant body temp despite fluctuations in the environment |
| excretion | removal of metabolic wastes |
| ammonia | excreted by organisms in water, highly toxic and very soluble in water |
| urea | not as toxic-secreted by earthworms and humans |
| uric acid | minimize water loss. Pastelike and not soluble in water, not toxic. Excreted by insects, reptiles, birds and land snails |
| contractile vacuole | excretion in protista (excretes ammonia) |
| flame cells | excretion in platyhelminthes (planaria) |
| nephridia | excretion in earthworms (urea) |
| malphigian tubules | excretion in insects (uric acid) |
| nephrons | excretion in humans (urea) |
| gastrovascular cavity | digestion occurs here in cnidarians |
| two-way digestive tract | food enters the same opening as waste exits |
| lysosomes | carry out intracellular digestion as well as extracellular digestion |
| polyp | the basic body plan of hydra |
| hydra | every cell is in direct contact with the environment |
| budding | asexual reproduction by cnidarians. can reproduce sexually as well |
| nerve net | impulses travel in all directions from any site. Entire animal responds to a single stimulus |
| crop | stores food |
| gizzard | grinds up food with help of sand and soil |
| typhlosole | a large fold in the stomach that increases the surface area for absorption |
| diffusion | exchange of gases passively by diffusion through moist skin. With an external respiratory surface gas exchange occurs at the surface |
| heart | 5 pairs of aortic arches |
| hemoglobin | oxygen carried by this in red blood cells |
| fused ganglia | brain of earthworm connects to a solid, ventral nerve cord |
| hemaphrodite | earthworm reproduction |
| tubular | insects hearts are this shape, lack capillaries and have an open circulatory system |
| hemocoels | interconnected, space surrounding the organ-diffusion occurs here. Blood does not carry hemoglobin or oxygen |
| internal respiratory surface | co2 and o2 exchange occurs inside the animal |
| spiracles | air enters in here and travels through tracheal tubes into hemocoels |
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