Chapters 1-6
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18 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Metabolism | The sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism |
| Homeostasis | process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment |
| genetic engineering | A technology in which the genome of a living cell is modified for medical or industrial use |
| Catalyst | substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| hydrolysis | a chemical reaction in which water reacts with a compound to produce other compounds |
| Polymer | large compound formed from combinations of many monomers |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid, a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis |
| substrate | The reactant on which an enzyme works. |
| active transport | the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy |
| Endosymbiotic theory | a theory that eukaryotic cells formed from a symbiosis among several different prokaryotic organisms |
| Eukaryote | A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
| prokaryote | A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
| Aerobic respiration | cellular respiration that uses oxygen, sequentially releasing energy and storing it in ATP |
| Anaerobic respiration | Respiration that does not require oxygen |
| heterotrophs | consumers, they rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply |
| diploid | an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number |
| homologous chromosomes | Chromosomes with matching information |
| Zygote | a fertilized egg |
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