Flashcards: Mrs. Watt 2nd Quarter Review
All 57 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 melanin | pigment that gives hair and skin its color |
| epidermis | The outer layer of the skin |
| integumentary system | organ system that includes hair, skin, and nails and protects the body from pathogens and maintains homeostasis |
| dermis | inner, thickest layer of the skin |
| follicle | where hair forms |
| sweat gland | helps cool the body and remove wastes from it |
| ball and socket joint | joint that allows you to move your bones in all directions (ex. hip, shoulder) |
| hinge joint | joint that allows you to move your bones back and forth (ex. knee, elbow) |
| pivot joint | joint that allows bones to rotate around each other (ex. neck) |
| fixed joint | joint that does not move at all (ex. skull) |
| gliding/sliding joint | joint that allows the bones to move over one another to increase flexibility (ex. wrist, ankle) |
| marrow | material within bones that makes blood cells |
| cartilage | a type of tissue between bones that provides cushion between them |
| joint | the place where two bones meet (can be movable or immovable) |
| ligament | tough connective tissue which connects bones to bones |
| flexor | a muscle that bends a part of your body, for example: bicep |
| extensor | a muscle that straightens a part of your body, for example: tricep |
| contract | to tighten a muscle to allow a joint to move |
| cardiac muscle | type of muscle that allows your heart to pump blood |
| voluntary | type of muscle that is under your control |
| involuntary | type of muscle that is not under your control |
| smooth muscle | type of muscle that can be found in your digestive tract and blood vessels |
| skeletal muscle | type of muscle that helps you move |
| tendon | tough connective tissue which connects muscles to bones |
| carbon dioxide | a waste gas the body must get rid of |
| oxygen | a gas that all cells need |
| veins | blood vessels that carry blood TO the heart |
| arteries | blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart |
| capillaries | smallest blood vessels where EXCHANGE between cells and blood occurs |
| atria | two upper chambers of heart where blood enters |
| ventricles | two lower chambers of heart where blood leaves |
| plasma | fluid part of blood that carries red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets |
| red blood cells | carry oxygen to cells in body |
| white blood cells | protects body against invaders and kill pathogens |
| platelets | pieces of blood cells that help stop cuts from bleeding |
| alveoli | tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide gas exchange occurs |
| bronchus | one of the two tubes that connects the trachea and lungs |
| lungs | organ that passes oxygen to blood and takes carbon dioxide out of blood |
| trachea | connects the larynx to bronchus |
| pharynx | passage from the mouth to the larynx |
| bronchioles | branches from the bronchus in the lungs |
| diaphragm | dome shaped muscle that controls inhaling and exhaling |
| larynx | part of throat that contains the vocal cords and produces sounds |
| mechanical digestion | breakdown of food through chewing, mixing, and churning |
| chemical digestion | occurs when enzymes and other chemicals break down large food molecules into smaller ones |
| peristalsis | Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system. |
| esophagus | food tube connecting the mouth to the stomach |
| stomach | a bag like organ of the digestive system where both mechanical and chemical digestion occurs |
| small intestine | digestive organ in which most chemical digestion takes place and nutrients are absorbed |
| large intestine | organ that absorbs water from undigested material |
| rectum | the lower part of the large intestine where feces are stored |
| anus | opening through which wastes leave the digestive tract |
| excretion | the process by which wastes are removed from the body |
| kidney | organ that removes urea, excess water, and other waste products from the blood and passes them to the ureter |
| urethra | tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body |
| ureter | tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder |
| bladder | organ that stores urine |