Plant Anatomy
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Created by:
Anonomoose on January 6, 2012
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33 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Taproot | Characteristic of Eudicots, a primary root that grows downward and initiates lateral roots. |
| Fibrous Roots | Structure characteristic of Monocots, originate from the stem. |
| Prop Roots | Characteristic of Monocots, serve as structural support. |
| Phytomer | Repeating module of one or more leaves, internodes, and axillary buds that constitutes a shoot. |
| Internode | Interval of stem between two nodes |
| Axillary Bud | Form in the angle where the leaf meets the stem. Can develop into a branch |
| Terminal Bud | End of a stem or branch |
| Phyllotaxy | Arrangement of leaves along the stem |
| Blade | Thin, flat structure attached to the stem or stalk by a petiole. |
| Petiole | Attaches a blade to the stem. |
| Middle Lamella | Thin layer between the walls of two daughter cells |
| Primary Cell Wall | Composed of bundled microfibrils of cellulose, Hemicellulose, and Pectins |
| Secondary Cell Wall | Provides mechanical support necessary for large stems, contains lignin instead of pectin |
| Lignin | Strong carbon complex resistant to water and animal digestion |
| Meristem | A cluster of undifferentiated cells that allow a plant to develop organs throughout its lifetime |
| Suspensor | The supporting structure to the embryo proper resulting from asymmetrical division |
| Cotyledon | "Seed leave" formed by embryo in the heart stage |
| Epidermal cell | Typically has a small central vacuole or none at all. Can differentiate once cell division stops into stomata, trichomes, or root hairs. |
| Trichome | Leaf hairs that provide protection from insects and solar radiation |
| Cuticle | Made of cutin, secreted by above-ground epidermal cells. Limits water loss, reflects solar radiation, and serves as a barrier against pathogens. |
| Primary Growth | lengthening of roots and shoots and the proliferation of new roots and shoots |
| Secondary Growth | Increase in girth typical of many gymnosperms and eudicots |
| Initial | Cell type that perpetuates the meristem, comparable to stem cells in animals. |
| Apical Meristem | Orchestrates primary growth, characterized by cell division followed by vertical elongation. Give rise to primary meristems |
| Lateral Meristem | Orchestrates secondary growth, includes Vascular Cambium and Cork Cambium |
| Root Cap | Protects growing end of the root as it pushes through the soil. Secretes slime as lubricant |
| Zone of Division | The root pushes downward into the soil in this zone |
| Zone of Elongation | Newly formed cells are elongated to push the root farther into the soil in this Zone |
| Zone of Maturation | Cells begin differentiating in this Zone |
| Vegetative Meristem | Apical meristem that produces leaves |
| Eudicot | Clade consisting of most angiosperms, characterized by a taproot and two cotyldons (e.g. cacti, daisies) |
| Monocot | Angiosperms with a single embryonic leaf, characterized by parallel leaves, fibrous roots (e.g. grasses, onion, fern) |
| Quiescent Center | Apical meristem found directly behind the root cap dormant until the root becomes damaged |
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