New Testament
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finedinebizzle77 on January 7, 2012
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BYU New Testament Classes
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55 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Alexander (king of macedon) the great | Kingdom was exceedingly large. Story said that when he marched to conquer Jerusalem High priest and the people marched out in only white. he was so moved he visited the temple and bestowed privileges on the jews |
| Antiochus Epiphanes | King of syria. Tried to crush the Jewish worship and nationality. |
| aramaic | official language of persian empire. common language of the jews after their return from babylon. Jesus and the twelve probably spoke in aramaic |
| captivities of the Iseralites | Tiglath-pileser carried away the tran-jordanic tribes to assyria. Sargon II took captive rest of Isreal. This is what lead to the "Lost Tribes". The effect of having the captivities is that it brought great spiritual revival and lead to a dee reverence for the law of moses. |
| Cyrus | formerly king of Elam. Captured Babylon He issued decree allowing jew to return to land of judah and to rebuild their temple. |
| Diaspora | means dispersion refers to scattering of the house of Israel. many jews retained the lands they lived and did not return. still held Jerusalem as holy land but also started synagogues and adopted traits of greeks and romans |
| Dispersion | A title to all israelites who remained in the place they were scattered. |
| Gentile | means nations. came to be known for those not in the house of Israel. also designated Nations without the Gospel. jews held themselves afar from the gentiles |
| Hebrew | Its was spoken by all the Israelites until after the return from their captivity |
| Hellenists | those who adopt greek language. jews who settled in greek-speaking countries and who used that langauge |
| Herod | in order to regain favor with those who hated him he rebuilt the temple. Put his wife to death and her two sons. massacre of infants of bethlahem. he died and his kingdom was divided amongst his three sons. |
| Maccabees | A family of Jewish Patriots. Basically a jewish resistance from Antiochus Epiphanes. Dynasty ended with the Maccabaean princess marrying herd. contained in the first book of macabees |
| persia | empire stretched from afganhistan to mediterranean including asia minor |
| Roman Empire | age of the apostles it was the great power of the world. Included a great variety of people y language. greek was the language of commerce. largest cities of the empire were rome alexandria and antioch. |
| septugint | name for greek speeking jews in Alexandria under Ptomelemy Philadelphus. |
| Annas | appointed High Priest. when Jesus was arrested he was first brought to him. took a part in the trial of the apostles. |
| Caesar | Title by which a roman Emperor was known. |
| Caiaphas | High priest from A.D. 18 to A.D. 36; son-in-law of Annas, high priest A.D. 7-14. He belonged to the Sadducee party and took an active part in the attack made upon our Lord and his disciples |
| Dead sea scrolls | (Old Testament) a collection of written scrolls (containing nearly all of the Old Testament) found in a cave near the Dead Sea in the late 1940s |
| decapolis | Ten cities. The district east and southeast of the Sea of Galilee, containing a mixed population of Greeks, Syrians, Arabs, and Jews, the Greek element being the greatest |
| essenes | sect of Jews of Judea who were uncompromising in their piety and their disgust with what they considered a corrupted priesthood; library is known as the Dead Sea Scrolls |
| galilee | It contained some of the best land and the busiest towns of Palestine, and was thickly populated by a hardy, warlike race. Galilee had an excellent climate, mild near the seacoast, hot in the Jordan valley, and bracing in the highlands. The land was fertile, especially in the plain of Esdraelon, and produced large crops of olives, wheat, barley, and grapes. By the Sea of Galilee the fisheries were a great source of wealth and provided a large export trade. |
| Hasidaeans | religious party among the Jews (their Hebrew name being Chasidim), devoted to the observance and maintenance of the Mosaic law (1 Macc. 2:42; 7:13; 2 Macc. 14:6). From them were descended the Pharisees of N.T. times. |
| Herodians | A political party among the Jews, supporters of the Herodian family, and therefore to some extent in opposition to the Roman government, and also to the Pharisees who were in favor of a purely religious theocracy |
| High priest | An office in the Melchizedek Priesthood. Adam and all the patriarchs were high priests. Under the law of Moses the presiding officer of the Aaronic Priesthood was called the high priest. The office was hereditary and came through the firstborn among the family of Aaron, Aaron himself being the first high priest of the Aaronic order. The duties of the high priest and his special vestments are outlined in the books of Exodus and Leviticus, |
| judaea | ts chief divisions were the (1) Shephelah, or "lowland," to the west, on the Philistine frontier; (2) the "hill country," some 35 miles long, and from 14 to 17 miles in breadth, consisting of stony moorland, capable of little cultivation, but broken up by valleys in which the land is fairly fruitful; (3) the Jordan valley and the Dead Sea in the east, and (4) the Negeb, or Dry Land in the south |
| law of moses | The name assigned to the whole collection of written laws given through Moses to the house of Israel, as a replacement of the higher law that they had failed to obey. The law of Moses consisted of many ceremonies, rituals, and symbols, to remind the people frequently of their duties and responsibilities. It included a law of carnal commandments and performances, added to the basic laws of the gospel. Faith, repentance, baptism in water, and remission of sins were part of the law, as were also the Ten Commandments. the Jewish leaders had added many unauthorized provisions, ceremonies, and prohibitions to the original law, until it became extremely burdensome. These innovations were known as the "traditions of the elders." By N.T. times among the Jews the law had become so altered it had lost much of its spiritual meaning almost to the point that the law was worshipped more than the Lord. |
| lawyer | equivalent to "scribe," i.e., one who was by profession a student and teacher of the law, including the written law of the Pentateuch, and also "the traditions of the elders" |
| levites | The work of ministering in the sanctuary was assigned to this tribe. The work of the Levites was to assist the priests |
| pharisees | religious party among the Jews. The name denotes separatists. They prided themselves on their strict observance of the law, and on the care with which they avoided contact with things gentile. Their belief included the doctrine of immortality and resurrection of the body and the existence of angels and spirits. They upheld the authority of oral tradition as of equal value with the written law. The tendency of their teaching was to reduce religion to the observance of a multiplicity of ceremonial rules, and to encourage self-sufficiency and spiritual pride. They were a major obstacle to the reception of Christ and the gospel by the Jewish people. |
| pilate | He had a great contempt for the Jewish people and for their religion. During his term of office there was much disorder, mainly in consequence of an attempt he made to introduce into the city silver busts of the emperor on the Roman ensigns. The Lord was therefore charged before him with stirring up sedition, making himself a king, and forbidding to give tribute to Caesar. Pilate saw that there was no evidence to support the charge, and, having received a warning from his wife, he wished to dismiss the case. He also tried to avoid all responsibility in the matter by sending our Lord for trial to Herod Antipas, tetrarch of Galilee, but Herod sent him back without any formal decision on the case. |
| publicans | The name is also used to describe those who actually collected the money, and who were properly called portitores. Both classes were detested by the Jews, and any Jew who undertook the work was excommunicated. Many of the tax-gatherers in Galilee would be in the service of Herod, and not of Rome. There are many references in the N.T. to the readiness with which the publicans received the gospel |
| sadducees | A party or caste among the Jews. hey formed the Jewish aristocracy, and were powerful though quite small in numbers. In their treatment of religious questions they held to the letter of the Mosaic revelation and denied the authority of ancient tradition; they taught complete freedom of the will in moral action; they were opposed to the Pharisees as to the belief in angels and spirits; they refused also to accept the doctrine of immortality as a necessary part of the Jewish faith. It was through their influence that Greek culture spread in Israel. Their opposition to our Lord was the result of his action in cleansing the temple, which they regarded as an infringement of their rights. They opposed the work of the apostles because they preached the resurrection |
| samaritans | he people who inhabited Samaria after the captivity of the northern kingdom of Israel. They were the descendants of (1) foreign colonists placed there by kings of Assyria and Babylonia (2 Kgs. 17:24; Ezra 4:2, 10); (2) Israelites who escaped at the time of the captivity. The population was therefore partly Israelite and partly gentile. Their religion was also of a mixed character |
| scribe | who acted as teachers of the law. Scribes are frequently mentioned in the N.T., being sometimes called lawyers. It was their business to develop the law in detail and apply it to the circumstances of their time; hence grew up the oral or traditional law side by side with the written law. s a class they offered a determined opposition to the Lord mainly because he disregarded the "traditions of the elders" |
| Temple on Mount Gerizim | temple erected by the sammaritains |
| zelotes | The Zealots were a party among the Jews (so called from their zeal for the law) who were determined to resist Roman or any foreign authority in Palestine. |
| Daily service | The Law ordered that a yearling lamb, with its proper meal and drink offerings, should be offered every morning and every evening as a burnt offering. n the Holy Place, every morning and evening, incense was burnt upon the altar of incense (Ex. 30:7-8). There was also a meal offering twice every day, probably in connection with the daily burnt offering |
| Joseph Smith translation | A revision or translation of the King James Version of the Bible begun by the Prophet Joseph Smith in June 1830. He was divinely commissioned to make the translation and regarded it as "a branch of his calling" as a prophet. Although the major portion of the work was completed by July 1833, he continued to make modifications while preparing a manuscript for the press until his death in 1844, and it is possible that some additional modifications would have been made had he lived to publish the entire work. Some parts of the translation were published during his lifetime. |
| sacrifices | Thereafter, whenever there were true believers on the earth, with priesthood authority, sacrifices were offered in that manner and for that purpose. This continued until the death of Jesus Christ, which ended the shedding of blood as a gospel ordinance. It is now replaced in the Church by the sacrament of the bread and the water, in remembrance of the offering of Jesus Christ. Altar sacrifices were of three kinds: sin offerings, burnt offerings, and peace offerings. The ritual of the three different kinds of animal sacrifices was identical in regard to the presentation, the imposition of hands, and the slaughtering by the offerer himself. The differences related to the blood and the method of appropriation of the offering by Jehovah. |
| sanhedrin | the seventy-one member supreme legislative and judicial body of the Jewish people. A ruling body among the Jews dominated by the Sadducees. The Jewish senate and the highest native court in both civil and ecclesiastical matters. |
| synagouge | Jewish meetinghouse for religious purposes. he most important official was the Ruler of the Synagogue. who was generally a scribe, had care of the building, and superintended the various services |
| temple of herod | To win popularity with the Jews Herod in the 18th year (17 B.C.) of his reign proposed to rebuild the temple of Zerubbabel. The Jews feared lest, having pulled down, he should be unable to rebuild, and to reassure them, Herod promised to gather materials before he began the work. The area of the temple site was inadequate for his design, and to enlarge it he built up a wall from the bottom of the valley, binding rocks together with lead and iron, and filling up the hollows. he Court of the Women was the scene of the Lord's temple teachings. |
| temple of solomon | gold, silver, iron, copper, timber, and stone—had been collected by David (1 Chr. 22:14). He had also planned the house and its furniture to its details (1 Chr. 28:11-20), had collected a number of skilled workmen capable of executing the work (1 Chr. 22:15), and had bound over the princess and people of Israel to zealous co-operation and costly gifts. Still, to Solomon belongs the credit of the actual accomplishment of the work. Finally it was burned to the ground and utterly destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar (2 Kgs. 25:9), all that was valuable in it being carried to Babylon (25:13, etc.). The vessels of silver and gold were afterwards restored by Cyrus and Darius |
| temple of zerubbabel | But we may reasonably infer that it was, so far as circumstances permitted, in its principal parts a reproduction of Solomon's temple, and on the ancient site. The Jews reckoned the temple of Zerubbabel to be in five points inferior to the temple of Solomon: in the absence of (1) the Ark of the Covenant (lost or burned at the destruction of Jerusalem and never renewed); (2) the Shechinah or manifestation of the glory of the Lord; (3) the Urim and the Thummim (Ezra 2:63); (4) the holy fire upon the altar; (5) the spirit of prophecy. |
| anointed one | Jesus is spoken of as the Christ and the Messiah, which means he is the one anointed of the Father to be his personal representative in all things pertaining to the salvation of mankind. The English word Christ is from a Greek word meaning anointed, and is the equivalent of Messiah, which is from a Hebrew and Aramaic term meaning anointed. |
| cephas | A stone. The Aramaic name (of which Petros is the corresponding Greek) given by our Lord to Simon, when he was called to be a disciple |
| codex | A codex form of manuscript is somewhat like our present book style with the pages piled on one another and joined at one side, generally with stitching. This is contrasted to a scroll, in which the sheets are joined side by side in a series, making one long and continuous piece that is rolled from one or both ends. The codex is much easier to use than is a long scroll. The general conclusion among scholars is that the Hebrews did not use codices until the 2nd or 3rd century A.D. Thus O.T. documents are scrolls, although many N.T. documents are codices. |
| Italics | In the KJV italics identify words that are necessary in English to round out and complete the sense of a phrase, but were not present in the Hebrew or Greek text of the manuscript used. Such additions were necessary because in some instances the manuscript was inadequate, and the translators felt obliged to clarify it in the translation. |
| roll | A book in ancient times was usually written on parchment or papyrus in a series of parallel columns, which answered to the pages of a modern book. At each end, and parallel to the columns, was a stick around which the skin or papyrus was rolled, the reader as he went along unrolling one end and rolling up the other. |
| scroll | A roll of leather or papyrus used for writing. Rolls were made by sewing sheets together to make a long strip. Some rolls became very long, exceeding 100 feet. They were usually from 9 to 11 inches high. Rolls were generally wound around a stick and, as used, would be unwound from one stick onto another. |
| septuigent | greek translation of the O.T by 70 scholars in 72 |
| talmud | the collection of ancient rabbinic writings on Jewish law and tradition (the Mishna and the Gemara) that constitute the basis of religious authority in Orthodox Judaism |
| talmud | The commentaries, which comprise both Halakah and Haggada, deal with almost every aspect of Jewish religious life, such as prayer, agriculture, marriage, and rules for the scribes in making copies of the sacred books. |
| Vulgate | he name of the Latin (or "common") version of the scriptures in use since the days of Jerome (4th century A.D.), which before his time was known as the Old Latin. The Vulgate was the Bible of the Middle Ages and the parent of all the translations into the modern languages of Western Europe. |
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