Ellebo's World of Geography-Chapter 4 and 6
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66 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 water vapor containing chemicals from air pollution | acid rain |
| the level below ground at which all the spaces inside rock are filled with water | water table |
| salt buildup in the soil | soil salinization |
| the downwars movement of minerals and humus in soil | leaching |
| a stream or river that flows into a larger stream or river | tributary |
| earth's center | core |
| the movement of surface material from one place to another | erosion |
| liquid rock within earth | magma |
| broken down plant and animal material | humus |
| an area drained by a river and it's tributaries | watershed |
| agricultural method that can reduce soil exhaustion | crop rotation |
| gravel, sand, and mud, are all forms of | sediment |
| most of earth's mass is found in the | mantle |
| soil is a _____ resource | renewable |
| the ice packs (sheets) on top of antarctica and greenland are more than ________ thick | 2 miles |
| a watershed begins with _____ | headwaters |
| when mined, minerals are removed from the ground in the form of | ore |
| the ozone layer in the atmosphere (which is being damaged by air pollution) is important because without it people could be exposed to high areas of ____________, which are harmful to living things | ultraviolet radiation |
| more than half of the original ______ in the united states have been destroyed, and preserving what remains has become an important environmental issure since they are vital and fragile ecosystems | wetlands |
| accululation of sediment at the mouth of a river is a | delta |
| contour plowing is one way to rduce soil | erosion |
| most agriculture uses the ____ of the soil horizon | topsoil |
| petrochemicals come from | oil |
| what three processes create landforms? | tectonic processes, erosion, and weathering |
| which is not a natural part of the hydrologic cycle | irrigation |
| the soil horizon is composed of | humus, subsoil, and weathered rock |
| the fossil fuels are | coal, petroleum, and natural gas |
| the deep valley marking a plate collison is called a | trench |
| the four natural renewable enerygy sources are | water power, wind power, geothermal, solar energy |
| the growth in the population of people living in towns and cities | urbanization |
| a system of roads, ports, and other facilities | infrastructure |
| a feeling of pride and loyalty for one's country or culture group | nationalism |
| a system in which businesses, industries, and resources are privatley owned | capitalism |
| small scale industries based in the home | cottage industries |
| the process by which manufacturing based on machine power becomes widespread in an area | industrialization |
| food is grown and animals are raised by a family for its own needs | subsistence agriculture |
| borders based on latitude | geometric boundaries |
| taxes imposed on imports and exports | tariffs |
| a system in which the government owns or controls all th emeans of production | communism |
| the opposite of urban (cities) | rural |
| free enterprise is the basis for | capitalism |
| people living in developed countries generally live in | cities |
| roads, sewage treatment plants, and power lines are all part of a country's | infrastructure |
| a farm that grows large quantities of a single crop is an example of ______ agriculture | market oriented |
| the process of farmers clearing trees or brush )and sometimes burning the debris), farming the field for a few years and then abandoning the field, and then repeating the process is known as ______. (sometimes also called "slash and burn" agriculture. | shifting cultivation |
| since not all of the (natural) resources that humans need can be found in one place, people must _____ to ge everything they need (or travel long distances to get them) | trade |
| agriculture began when hunter-gatherers learned how to grow plants and tame animals for their own use in an innovation known as | domestication |
| the borders between Ireland and Northern Ireland and between India and Pakistan are both ____ boundaries, | cultural |
| the most important international organization is the | united nations |
| a country's ____ is measured by such factors as literacy rate, food consumption, and life expectancy | standard of living |
| governments whose leaders are chosen through free elections are | democracy |
| most city centers (downtowns) are dominated by large stores, offices, and buildings in an area called a | central business district |
| the division of cities of Minneapolis and St. paul by the Mississippi River is an example of a(n) | natural boundary |
| the most basic economic system is a | traditional or subsistence economy |
| which country has a totalitarian government | cuba |
| a steel manufacturing company plant is a an example of a | secondary activity |
| economic activities that use natural resources directky are known as | primary activities |
| people who work as doctors, teachers, and dry cleaners engage in | tertiary activities |
| in what type of economy do people make goods for themselves and their families | subsistence economy |
| businesses, industries, and resources are privately owned in a | capitalist system |
| the total value of goods and services that aa country produces in a year is known as that country's | gross domestic product |
| the number of people in a country who can read and write determine that country's | literacy rate |
| developed countries have ____ standards of living | high |
| a country's infrastructure is its system of | roads, ports, and other facilities |
| developing countries are the world's | poorer countries |
| quaternary economic activities include | research and development |
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