Chapter 16 Cardiovascular and Respiratory Health
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Created by:
HipHop4Life on January 7, 2012
Subjects:
Health-Skills for Wellness (Prentice Hall)
Description:
Another chapter in my health book.
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58 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 mucous membranes | line the nostrils and other air passages and produce mucus which moistens the air and traps bacteria and dust particles before they reach the lungs |
| cilia | tiny hairlike structures that are in constant motion- which helps trap dust and bacteria while also helping to remove mucus which would otherwise build up in the air passages |
| sinuses | hollow spaces above the nasal cavity which are lined with mucous membranes |
| pharynx | the throat |
| trachea | the windpipe or the pathway through which air moves from the pharynx into the chest |
| larynx | the voice box which is located at the top of the trachea |
| bronchi | cartilage-ringed tubes that go to each lung |
| lungs | the elastic, spongy organs through which the body absorbs oxygen |
| bronchioles | the smallest of the branches that are attached to the bronchi |
| alveoli | tiny sacs located at the end of bronchioles that allow oxygen into the bloodstream and allow carbon dioxide to be exhaled through the lungs |
| diaphragm | a dome-shaped muscle that lies just below the lungs, which is the main muscle involved in breathing- during breathing in this muscle flattens or goes downward, and during exhalation the diaphragm moves upward |
| Influenza | the flu- symptoms commonly include fever, headache, muscle aches, sore throat and a cough |
| Pneumonia | an infection in which fluids accumulate in the alveoli, decreasing the lungs' ability to take in oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide |
| Tuberculosis | a chronic bacterial disease that affects the lungs and other parts of the body (aka TB) symptoms include: fever, tiredness, weight loss, and an ongoing cough |
| asthma | a disorder in which air passages become narrower than normal- this causes wheezing, coughing, and difficulty in breathing |
| allergy | a reaction of the body to an irritating substance examples include: pollen, dust, and mold |
| Bronchitis | an inflammation and swelling of the mucous membranes that line the bronchi- these inflamed membranes secrete a large amount of thick, sticky mucus which results in hoarseness and coughing |
| Emphysema | a respiratory disorder in which the alveoli lose their ability to expand and contract and as the disease progresses the walls of the alveoli stretch and sometimes break |
| cardiovascular system | the circulatory system which provides a pathway through which blood can carry materials throughout the body |
| heart | a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body and is about the size of a fist located near the middle of your chest |
| atrium | part of the heart that receives blood entering the heart |
| ventricle | blood flows from each atrium into this chamber that pumps blood from the heart to the rest of the body |
| pulmonary circulation | the pathway that blood follows from the heart to the lungs |
| systemic circulation | the route that blood travels from the heart to most of the body and then back to the heart (divided into two parts- upper and lower) |
| pacemaker | a group of cells located in the wall of the right atrium that help to regulate the rate at which the heart beats (or contracts) |
| arteries | the thick-walled, elastic vessels that carry blood away from the heart |
| pulmonary arteries | blood travels from the right ventricle to the lungs through these arteries |
| aorta | the largest artery in the body which is part of the systemic circulation (blood leaves the left ventricle through this artery) |
| coronary arteries | arteries that carry blood to the heart muscle itself |
| aterioles | the smaller blood vessels formed when an artery enters an organ or tissue and branches off |
| capillaries | the smallest blood vessel in your body that are formed by arterioles branching off |
| venules | small blood vessels that join together to form veins, which form from capillaries and where blood flows to |
| veins | large, thin-walled, slightly elastic vessels that carry blood to the heart (contain valves inside them that prevent blood from flowing backwards) |
| blood pressure | the force with which blood pushes against the walls of the blood vessels |
| systolic pressure | the force caused by the surge of blood that moves as a result of the contraction of the ventricles |
| diastolic pressure | the force recorded when the ventricles are relaxed |
| blood | a complex tissue that consists of different types of cells suspended in a watery solution |
| plasma | the liquid part of blood that is straw-colored and makes up about 55% of the volume of blood. Mostly water with various substances dissolved in it (nutrients like glucose and wastes like urea) |
| red blood cells | the cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body (more numerous than any other type of blood cell) contain hemoglobin |
| white blood cells | cells that help protect the body against diseases and foreign substances (very large but are less numerous within blood) |
| platelets | pieces of cells that start the process of blood clotting (stick to the edges of cuts and release proteins called clotting factors that combine with other proteins in the plasma- gradually forming a plug as these proteins combine) |
| blood transfusion | the procedure in which blood is taken from one person and then transferred to someone else's bloodstream |
| blood type | a classification based on whether certain proteins are present on the surface of the red blood cells (groups include- O, A, B, or AB) |
| Rh factor | a proteins that determines a blood group called the Rh group - if you have this protein your blood is Rh positive, if not it's Rh negative |
| atherosclerosis | a buildup of cholesterol and other fatty materials on artery walls, which restricts the flow of blood |
| Coronary Heart Disease | when the coronary arteries become clogged as a result of atherosclerosis |
| Angina Pectoris | as cholesterol collects in the coronary arteries, less blood (and less oxygen) is able to reach the heart muscle which results in this type of pain |
| heart attack | occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is blocked |
| LDL | low-density lipoproteins that carry cholesterol to the walls of arteries |
| HDL | high-density lipoproteins that carry cholesterol to a place where it can be disposed |
| congenital heart disorders | when structural problems of the heart are present at birth such as faulty heart valves or openings in the heart |
| rheumatic heart disease | a disease which is the result of rheumatic fever (disease caused by streptococcus bacteria). Damages the valves of the heart |
| hypertension | blood pressure that is consistently higher than normal |
| stroke | a result of hypertension, in which the blood flow to a part of the brain is suddenly cut off |
| hemophilia | an inherited disorder in which the plasma in blood lacks certain substances necessary for normal blood clotting |
| anemia | blood disorder in which there are too few red blood cells or too little hemoglobin in the blood |
| Sickle-Cell Disease | a condition in which red blood cells curve into a sickle shape because of a flaw in the hemoglobin- these cells do not pass through capillaries easily and can sometimes block the flow of blood |
| aerobic exercise | repetitive, nonstop physical activity that raises the breathing and heart rates |
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