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Antecedent Boundary a boundary that existed before the cultural landscape emerged and stayed in place while people moved in to occupy the surrounding area... Boundary invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory Buffer State a small neutral state between two rival powers City-State a city with political and economic control over the surrounding land Confederate Government A government in which the states hold more power than the central government Colonialism Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory. Colony a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland Compact State the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly Commonwealth a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them Cultural Boundaries borders based on culture traits, like language and religion Domino Theory the idea that if a nation falls under communist control, nearby nations will also fall under communist control Elongated State A state with a long, narrow shape. Enclave an enclosed territory that is culturally distinct from the foreign territory that surrounds it Ethnonationalism When ethnic groups see themselves as an individual nation and belive that they deserve their own state. European Union international organization comprised of Western European countries to promote free trade among members Exclave a part of a country that is seperated from the rest of the country and surrounded by foreign territory. Federal State An internal organization of a state that allocates most powers to units of local government. Foward Capital when the capital city is in the middle of the territory Fragmented State A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory. Frontier A zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control. Geometric Boundaries boundaries of convenience drawn along lines of latitude or longitude without consideration for cultural or ethnic differences in an area Gerrymandering Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power. Heartland Theory Hypothesis proposed by Halford MacKinder that held that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world. Imperialism A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically or a policy of extending your rule over foreign countries Land Empire An empire that involves conquest by force in which armies attack, pillage, and plunder their way through another land, taking resources by force Landlocked State A state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea. Mercantilism an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought Microstate A state or territory that is small in both size and population. Multinational State State that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities. Perforated State a state that completely surrounds another one Prorupted State A state that exhibits a narrow, elongated land extension, leading away from the main territory. Nation a politically organized body of people under a single government Organic Theory The view that states resemble biological organisms with life cycles that include all stages of life. Nation-State A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality Neocolonialism control by a powerful country of its former colonies (or other less developed countries) by economic pressures North Atlantic Treaty Organization 1949 alliance of nations that agreed to band together in the event of war and to support and protect each nation involved Political Geography the subdivision of human geography focused on the nature and implications of the evolving spatial organization of political governance and formal political practice on the Earth's surface Physical Political Boundaries political boundary defined and delimited by a prominent physical feature in the natural landscape Relic Boundaries old political boundaries that no longer exist as international borders, but that have left an enduring mark on the local cultural or enviromental geography Rimland Theory Nicholas Spykman's theory that the domination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia would provided the base for world conquest. Satellite States national state that is economically dependent and politically and militarily subservient to another Sea Empire Empires acquired using sea power, where settlements were set up along coasts, and excursions into the interior brought loot back to those settlements, where a ship would be waiting to take the resources home Self-Determination the right of people to choose their own form of government Settlement Empire An empire intended for longer residence, rather than used for immediate return with resources Shatterbelt Regions Areas that are constantly breaking up and/or fragmenting (e.g. Southeast Asia) Soveriegnty supreme or independent political power State a politically organized body of people under a single government Stateless Nation A nationality that is not represented by a state. Subsequent Boundaries Boundary line established after an area has been populated that considered the social and cultural characteristics of the area. Superimposed Boundaries boundary line drawn in an area ignoring the existing cultural pattern Supranationalism a venture involving 3 or more national states political economic or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives Territorial Morphology a states geographical shape, which can affect its spatial cohesion and political viability Territoriality In political geography, a country's or more local community's sense of property and attachment toward its territory, as expressed by its determination to keep it inviolable and strongly defended. Theocracies a state whose government is under the control of a ruler who is deemed to be divinely guided or under control of a group of religious leaders Unitary State An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials. United Nations International organization founded in 1945 to promote world peace and cooperation. It replaced the League of Nations. Warsaw Pact The 1955 treaty binding the Soviet Union and countries of eastern Europe in an alliance against the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Balance of Power an equilibrium of power between nations