| Term | Definition |
|---|
| What are enzymes? | Biological catalysts. |
| What do enzymes do? | Speed up the rate of a reaction. (lowers energy needed for activation that substrate must reach) |
| What are enzymes made of? | Protein (amino acids) |
| Most enzymes occur intracellular or extracellular? | intracellular. (Avoid hemolysis) |
| What are isoenzymes? | Same molecular formula, but different structure. |
| Measuring enzymes | measure the catalytic activity related to concentration |
| Enzymes values reported in what units? | International units (U/L) |
| What is an U/L? | The amount of enzyme that will convert 1 micromole of substrate per minute under set conditions. |
| What factors affect enzyme reactions? | Substrate concentration, pH, time, temperature, Cofactors, & Inhibitors. |
| What are Cofactors? | Activators or Coenzymes. Nonprotein substances that may be required for enzymatic reaction. |
| 3 Types of Inhibitors? | Competitive, NonCompetitive, Uncompetitive |
| Big researchers in enzyme reactions. | Michaelis & Menton |
| What is 1st order kinetics? | When the substrate is the limiting factor. |
| What is 0 order kinetics? | When the substrate is in excess. |
| What order of kinetics do we use in the lab? | Zero order kinetics. |
| KM Constant | Substrate concentration at which reaction reaches 1/2 its maximun velocity. |
| Liver Profile | Total Bilirubin, Direct, Indirect, Albumin, AST, ALT, LD (5) |
| Creatinine Kinase | predominant in skeletal, heart, & brain tissue. |
| CK-MB | CK isoenzyme specific to heart |
| CK value to indicate a heart attact | >6 % of total CK |
| Lactate Dehydrogenase | Present in liver, heart, & other muscle. |
| LD1 & LD2 associate with | heart |
| What is an LD flip? | LD1> LD2 indicates MI |
| LD5 associate with | liver |
| ALT | major liver enzyme |
| ALP | used to diagnose bone disorders |
| GGT | used to moniter alcoholism |
| What enzymes do we use to aid in dx. of pancreatitis? | amylase & lipase (more specific) |
| Cardiac panel | CK-MB & Troponin ?(maybe myoglobin) |
Combine with other sets
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