Psych Ch. 8- Infancy and Childhood
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Created by:
LindsayCollar on April 27, 2009
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31 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 developmental psychology | the study of the changes that occur as people grow up and grow old |
| grasping reflex | a response to touch on the palm of the hand |
| accomodation | In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the adjustment of one's scheme for understanding the world to fit newly observed events and experiences |
| anal stage | According to Freud, the stage at which children associate erotic pleasure with the elimination process |
| assimilation | In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the process of fitting objects and experiences into one's scheme for understanding the environment |
| conservation | the principle that a given quantity does not change when its appearance is changed. The discovery of this principle between the ages of five and seven is important to the intellectual development of the child |
| critical period | a specific time in development when certain skills or abilities are most easily learned |
| genital stage | According to Freud, the stage during which and individual's sexual satisfaction depends as much on giving pleasure as on receiving it |
| identification | 1) the process by which a child adopts the values and principles of the same-sex parent |
| imprinting | a social learning capacity in some species by which attachments are formed to other organisms or to objects very early in life |
| socialization | learning the rules of behavior of the culture in which you were born and grow up |
| phallic stage | according to Freud, the stage at which children associate sexual pleasure with their genitals |
| internalization | the process of incorporating the values, ideas, and standards of others as a part of oneself |
| latency stage | According to Freud, the stage at which sexual desires are pushed into the background and the child becomes involved in exploring the world and learning new skills |
| maturation | the internally programmed growth of a child |
| object permanence | a child's realization, developed between the ages of one and two, that an object exists even when he or she cannot see or touch it |
| Oedipal conflict | According to Freud, a boy's wish to possess his mother sexually, coupled with hostility toward his father. Correspondingly, girls desire their fathers sexually and feel hostile toward their mothers. In order to reduce fear of punishment from the same-sex parent, the child begins to identify with the parent of the same sex |
| oral stage | According to Freud, the stage at which infants associate erotic pleasure with the mouth |
| representational thought | the intellectual ability of a child to picture something in his or her mind |
| role taking | an important aspect of children's play that involves assuming adult roles, thus enabling the child to experience different points of view firsthand |
| rooting reflex | an infant's response toward the source of touching that occurs anywhere around his or her mouth |
| separation anxiety | a phase many children experience after 12 months, characterized by fear and anxiety at any prolonged absence of the mother |
| sublimation | the process of redirecting sexual impulses into learning tasks that begin at about the age of five |
| telegraphic speech | the kind of speech used by young children. Words are left out, but the meaning is still clear. |
| Jean Piaget | Swiss psychologist, concluded that younger children aren't dumb, but that they think in a different way |
| qualitative and quantitative | Intellectual development involves what two types of changes? |
| assimilation and accomodation | work together to produce intellectual growth |
| sensorimotor stage | birth to two years-- thinking is displayed in action, such as the grasping, sucking, and looking schemes. Child gradually learns to discover the location of hidden objects at about 18 months, when the concept of object permanence is fully understood |
| preoperational stage | 2 to 6 years-- Beginning of symbolic representation. Language first appears; child begins to draw pictures that represent things. Child cannot represent a series of actions in his or her head to solve problems |
| concrete operational stage | 6 to 12 years-- ability to understand conservation problems, think of several dimensions of features at same time, elementary arithmetic |
| formal operational stage | 12 to adult-- thinking becomes more abstract and hypothetical, the individual can consider many alternative solutions to a problem, make deductions, contemplate the future, and formulate personal ideas and values |
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