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Monotheistic believing in only one god Polytheistic believing in many gods Wergild anglo saxons and germanic law, a price put on a person's life to be paid by the slayer Nomad person who moves from place to place in search of food Theocracy government ruled by religious leaders pharaoh ancient ruler of Egypt Hieroglyphics system of writing in which pictures represent objects, concepts, sounds cuneiform ancient middle east systeme of writing that used wedge shaped marks city state political unit made up of the city and surrounding lands caste system ranking system karma all the actions that affect a person's fate in the afterlife dynasty ruling family Mandate of heaven traditional chinese philosophical concept of concerning the legitimacy of rulers polis city state in ancient greece democracy government in which the people hold ruling power republic system of government in which officials are chosen by the peopl scriptorium a room in a monastery set aside for the copying and writing of records Pope head of catholic church bishop high ranking church offiial with authority over a local are charlemagne king of franks starting in 768 lords person who has control over others feudal contract exchanges of pledges between lords and vassals common law lebgal system based on custom and court rulings magyars ethnic group in present day Hungry Muslims monotheistic religion based on the Quran patrician member of the landholding upper class of rome plebeian member of the lower class, including farmers and merchants pax romana long time period of relative peace aqueduct underground or bridgelike stone structure that carried water from hills into cities martyr person who suffers or dies for their beliefs hegira muhammads journey from mecca to medina haji one of the 5 pillars of islam, the pilgrimage to mecca that all muslims are expected to make at least once feudalism loosely organised system of government in which local lords owned land manor system rested on set of rights between and lord and his serfs pillars of islam 5 basic acts of islam marco polo venetian merchant traveler ibn battuata moroccan muslim explorer hagia sophia former orthodox patriarchal basilica visigoths german tribes who spread through the late roman empire ostrogorths german tribes who spread through the late roman empire anglo saxons germanic tribe who invated and settled in the southeast of england clovis 1st king od franks vassals lord who was granted land in exchange for service and loyalty to a greater lord william the conqueror william of normandy