Unit 1: Protein Synthesis Ch. 12
About this set
Created by:
corndog721 on January 9, 2012
Subjects:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
17 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Central Dogma | theory that states that, in cells, information only flows from DNA to RNA to proteins |
| Gene Expression | conversion of the information encoded in a gene first into messenger RNA and then to a protein |
| Transcription | process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA |
| Translation | decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain |
| RNA Polymerase | enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription |
| Codon | in DNA, a three-nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start signal or a stop signal |
| mRNA | the template for protein synthesis NOUN EX. the form of RNA that carries information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome sites of protein synthesis in the cell |
| tRNA | transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome |
| rRNA | ribosomal RNA; type of RNA that makes up part of the ribosome |
| Ribosome | An organelle that functions in the synthesis of proteins |
| Anticodon | A sequence of three bases of a tRNA molecule that pairs with the complementary three-nucleotide codon of an mRNA molecule during protein synthesis. |
| Polypeptide | A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds., a peptide containing 10 to more than 100 amino acids |
| Peptide Bond | the primary linkage of all protein structures, covalent bond formed between amino acids |
| Intron | sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein, sequence of a eukaryotic gene's DNA that is not translated into a protein |
| Exon | expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein, sequence of a gene's DNA that transcribes into protein structures |
| Point Mutations | gene mutations involving changes in one or a few nucleotides, chemical changes in just one base pair of a gene |
| Frameshift Mutation | mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.